We report an initial experience with the new and potentially advantageous technique of videothoracoscopy in the treatment of pneumothorax. A series of 18 consecutive patients (14 male, 4 female) presenting with spontaneous pneumothorax over a 4-month period underwent surgical treatment by this method. The indication for surgery was recurrent pneumothorax in nine patients and persistent air leak in the remainder (median duration 15 days, range 5-28 days). Stapled apical bullectomy with apical parietal pleurectomy was performed in 14 patients, bullectomy alone was performed in one patient and pleurectomy alone in three patients. Additional talc pleurodesis was carried out in three of these patients. Median duration of operation was 53.5 min (range 35-120 min). The median postoperative drainage was 300 ml in 24 h (range 50-580 ml). The median duration of intercostal drainage was 48 h (range 24-384 h) and of postoperative hospital stay 4 days (range 3-18 days). The mean postoperative analgesic requirement was 1.3 mg morphine/h. Three complications required reoperation. In two patients a large air leak persisted after operation; one proceeded to thoracotomy for suturing of the air leak and in the other this was accomplished by videothoracoscopy. A further patient re-presented at 2 weeks with recurrent pneumothorax which was treated at thoracotomy. At a median follow-up of 68.5 days (range 10-124 days) this is the only recurrence. These complications were caused by errors in surgical technique early in our series. This initial experience of videothoracoscopic pleurectomy suggests it is an effective, well-tolerated treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.
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