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Time Course and Time-Distance Relationships for Surround Suppression in Macaque V1 Neurons

机译:猕猴V1神经元周围抑制的时程和时空关系

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摘要

Iso-orientation surround suppression is a powerful form of visual contextual modulation in which a stimulus of the preferred orientation of a neuron placed outside the classical receptive field (CRF) of the neuron suppresses the response to stimuli within the CRF. This suppression is most often attributed to orientation-tuned signals that propagate laterally across the cortex, activating local inhibition. By studying the temporal properties of surround suppression, we have uncovered characteristics that challenge standard notions of surround suppression. We found that the latency of suppression depended on its strength. Across cells, strong suppression arrived on average 30 msec earlier than weak suppression, and suppression sometimes arrived faster than the excitatory CRF response. We compared the relative latency of CRF response onset and offset with the relative latency of suppression onset and offset. Response onset was delayed relative to response offset in the CRF but not in the surround. This is not the expected result if neurons targeted by suppression are like those that generate it. We examined the time course of suppression as a function of distance of the surround stimulus from the CRF and found that suppression was predominantly sustained for nearby stimuli and predominantly transient for distant stimuli. By comparing the latency of suppression for nearby and distant stimuli, we found that orientation-tuned suppression could effectively propagate across 6 - 8 mm of cortex at ∼1 m/sec. This is considerably faster than expected for horizontal cortical connections previously implicated in surround suppression. We offer refinements to circuits for surround suppression that account for these results and describe how feedback from cells with large CRFs can account for the rapid propagation of suppression within V1.
机译:等取向环绕抑制是视觉上下文调制的一种强大形式,其中,放置在神经元经典感受野(CRF)之外的神经元首选取向的刺激会抑制对CRF中刺激的响应。这种抑制通常归因于定向调谐的信号,该信号在整个皮质中横向传播,从而激活局部抑制。通过研究周围抑制的时间特性,我们发现了挑战周围抑制标准概念的特征。我们发现抑制的潜伏期取决于抑制的强度。在整个细胞中,强抑制作用比弱抑制作用平均提前30毫秒,有时抑制作用比兴奋性CRF反应更快。我们比较了CRF反应发作和抵消的相对潜伏期与抑制发作和抵消的相对潜伏期。相对于CRF中的响应偏移,响应起效被延迟了,但周围环境中没有。如果通过抑制作用靶向的神经元就像产生神经元的神经元,则这不是预期的结果。我们研究了抑制的时间过程,它是周围刺激与CRF距离的函数,发现抑制主要针对附近的刺激而持续,而主要针对瞬态刺激。通过比较附近和远处刺激抑制的潜伏期,我们发现定向调谐的抑制可以以约1 m / sec的速度在6-8 mm的皮质中有效传播。这比先前涉及环绕抑制的水平皮质连接的预期速度快得多。我们对环绕声抑制电路进行了改进,以解决这些问题,并描述来自具有大CRF的单元的反馈如何解决V1内抑制的快速传播。

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