I read the study by Zhao et al with great interest. Although the study design was quite complicated, it was successful in raising awareness of science and relevant researchers. Thirty patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension secondary to chronic hepatitis B were included in the study. They were treated for variceal bleeding and underwent trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt to prevent the recurrence of variceal bleeding and to reduce portal pressure. The authors evaluated the effects of changes in gut microbiota (GM) on hepatic encephalopathy secondary to portocaval bypass. The GM is greatly affected by local and general factors, including herbal and medical drugs, a person's dietary characteristics (carnivorous, vegan, vegetarian), supplementary foods, drinking water sources, and living in a city center or town. Therefore, I congratulate Zhao et al for their concise and comprehensive study on a multifactorial subject.
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