Development from abandoned land to farmland after vegetation reestablishment for reclamation is an important salinization rehabilitation process in dryland ecosystems. While subsequent soil abiotic changes have been reported, few studies have focused on how reclamation affects the soil biota. Understanding the response of soil biota to reclamation is useful for evaluating the effect of agricultural management. We investigated soil physiochemical properties, the composition and structure of nematode communities, and nematode metabolic footprints in control and reclaimed farmland. The results showed that soil properties were significantly altered by reclamation. In particular, reclamation significantly increased pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and microbial biomass carbon. Conversely, electrical conductivity was significantly decreased. Shannon and Simpson indices were affected by reclamation. Reclamation significantly increased the Shannon index in the 10–20 cm soil layer. Reclamation significantly increased the Simpson index in the 0–10 cm soil layer, while the opposite was observed in the 10–20 cm soil layer. High basal index and fungal-based channel were found in the control. Total nematode abundance increased due to reclamation, which included fungivores, herbivores, and omnivores-predators. More nematodes could store more biomass carbon in the reclaimed farmland. Reclamation had an effect on the structure and function of soil food web, and increased the metabolic footprints of various trophic groups of nematodes. Nematode faunal analysis revealed that exogenous substances input led to the high level of communities structure, and the soil food web matured in the reclaimed farmland. The nematode communities were affected by reclamation. Furthermore, pH, EC, SOC, TN, and MBC were key driving factors affecting the nematode communities. Therefore, reclamation could effectively enhance the structure and function of soil food web through bottom-up effects in the cotton fields in Xinjiang, China.
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机译：植被复垦后由撂荒地发展为农田是旱地生态系统中重要的盐渍化恢复过程。虽然已经报道了随后的土壤非生物变化，但很少有研究关注开垦如何影响土壤生物群。了解土壤生物群对开垦的反应有助于评估农业管理的效果。我们研究了土壤理化性质、线虫群落的组成和结构以及对照和开垦农田中的线虫代谢足迹。结果表明，填垦改变了土壤性质。特别是，回收显著提高了 pH 值、有机碳、总氮和微生物生物量碳。相反，电导率显著降低。Shannon 和 Simpson 指数受填海影响。复垦显著提高了 10-20 cm 土层的 Shannon 指数。复垦显著提高了 0-10 cm 土层的 Simpson 指数，而在 10-20 cm 土层中观察到相反的情况。在对照中发现高基础指数和基于真菌的通道。由于开垦，线虫总丰度增加，其中包括食真菌动物、食草动物和杂食动物捕食者。更多的线虫可以在开垦的农田中储存更多的生物量碳。复垦对土壤食物网的结构和功能有影响，并增加了线虫各种营养类群的代谢足迹。线虫动物区系分析显示，外源物质输入导致群落结构水平较高，土壤食物网在开垦农田中成熟。线虫群落受到开垦的影响。此外，pH、EC、SOC、TN 和 MBC 是影响线虫群落的关键驱动因素。因此，在新疆棉田中，复垦可以通过自下而上的效应有效增强土壤食物网的结构和功能。
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