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Genetic Basis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biofilm in Liquid Medium

机译：液体培养基中酿酒酵母生物膜的遗传基础

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摘要

Biofilm-forming microorganisms switch between two forms: free-living planktonic and sessile multicellular. Sessile communities of yeast biofilms in liquid medium provide a primitive example of multicellularity and are clinically important because biofilms tend to have other growth characteristics than free-living cells. We investigated the genetic basis for yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, biofilm on solid surfaces in liquid medium by screening a comprehensive deletion mutant collection in the Σ1278b background and found 71 genes that were essential for biofilm development. Quantitative northern blots further revealed that , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000003013" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">RIM8, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001019" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">RIM101, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001521" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">RGT1, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000005923" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">SNF8, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000004519" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">SPC2, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001555" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">STB6, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000000514" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">STP22, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000000287" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">TEC1, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000000309" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">VID24, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000004682" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">VPS20, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000005940" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">VTC3, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000000125" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">YBL029W, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000007591" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">YBL029C-A, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001840" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">YFL054C, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000029726" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">YGR161W-C, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000003536" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">YIL014C-A, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001463" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">YIR024C, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001634" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">YKL151C, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000005144" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">YNL200C, href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000028856" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">YOR034C-A, and href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000005749" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">YOR223W controlled biofilm through href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001458" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">FLO11 induction. Almost all deletion mutants that were unable to form biofilms in liquid medium also lost the ability to form surface-spreading biofilm colonies (mats) on agar and 69% also lost the ability to grow invasively. The protein kinase A isoform href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001649" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">Tpk3p functioned specifically in biofilm and mat formation. In a href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001649" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">tpk3 mutant, transcription of href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001458" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">FLO11 was induced three-fold compared with wild-type, but biofilm development and cell–cell adhesion was absent, suggesting that href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001649" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">Tpk3p regulates href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001458" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">FLO11 positive posttranscriptionally and negative transcriptionally.The study provides a resource of biofilm-influencing genes for additional research on biofilm development and suggests that the regulation of href="http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001458" data-ga-action="click_feat_suppl" ref="reftype=extlink&article-id=4169159&issue-id=242912&journal-id=1684&FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&TO=External%7CLink%7CURI" target="_blank">FLO11 is more complex than previously anticipated.
机译：形成生物膜的微生物在两种形式之间切换：自由生存的浮游生物和无柄多细胞生物。液体培养基中酵母生物膜的无数群落提供了多细胞性的原始实例，并且在临床上很重要，因为生物膜往往具有除自由细胞以外的其他生长特征。我们通过在Σ1278b背景中筛选全面的缺失突变体集合，研究了液体培养基中固体表面上酵母，酿酒酵母，生物膜的遗传基础，发现了71个对于生物膜发育必不可少的基因。定量Northern印迹进一步显示，，，，，，，，，，，，，， ， href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin /locus.fpl?dbid=S000003013“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“目标=“ _ blank”> RIM8 ， href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001019” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI” target =“ _ blank”> RIM101 ， href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001521” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue -id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> RGT1 ， href =” http：// www .yeastgenome.org / cgi-bin / locus.fpl？dbid = S000005923“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_s uppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> SNF8 ，< em> href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000004519” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> SPC2 ， href =” http：//www.yeastgenome .org / cgi-bin / locus.fpl？dbid = S000001555“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External ％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> STB6 ， href =” http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000000514 “ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> STP22 ， href =“ http：//www.yeastg enome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000000287“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> TEC1 ， href =” http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid= S000000309“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> VID24 < / a> ， href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000004682” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> VPS20 ， href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000005940” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM =商品％7CFront％20Matter＆TO =外部％7 CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> VTC3 ，href =” http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000000125“ data-ga -action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI” target =“ _ blank”> YBL029W ，< a href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000007591” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal- id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> YBL029C-A ，href =” http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus .fpl？dbid = S000001840“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _blank“> YFL054C ，href =” http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000029726“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal -id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> YGR161W-C ，href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000003536” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> YIL014C-A ，href =” http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin /locus.fpl?dbid=S000001463“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“目标=“ _ blank”> YIR024C ，href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001634” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> YKL151C ，href =” http：// www .yeastgenome.org / cgi-bin / locus.fpl？dbid = S000005144“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO =外部％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> YNL200C ，href =” http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000028856“ data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI” target =“ _ blank”> YOR034C-A 和href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000005749” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal -id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> YOR223W 通过 href =” http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi -bin / locus.fpl？dbid = S000001458“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI “ target =” _ blank“> FLO11 归纳。几乎所有无法在液体培养基中形成生物膜的缺失突变体，也丧失了在琼脂上形成表面扩散生物膜菌落（垫）的能力，而69％的突变体也丧失了侵袭性生长的能力。蛋白激酶A亚型href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001649” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> Tpk3p 在生物膜和垫层形成中特别起作用。在 href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001649” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> tpk3 突变体， href =” http ：//www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl？dbid = S000001458“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article与野生型相比，％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> FLO11 被诱导了三倍，但缺少生物膜发育和细胞间粘附性，这表明href =“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001649” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal -id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> Tpk3p 调节 href =” http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi -bin / locus.fpl？dbid = S000001458“ data-ga-action =” click_feat_suppl“ ref =” reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI “ target =” _ blank“> FLO11 转录后为阳性，转录后为阴性。该研究为影响生物膜发育的其他研究提供了影响生物膜的基因资源，并建议 href的调控=“ http://www.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin/locus.fpl?dbid=S000001458” data-ga-action =“ click_feat_suppl” ref =“ reftype = extlink＆article-id = 4169159＆issue-id = 242912＆journal-id = 1684＆FROM = Article％7CFront％20Matter＆TO = External％7CLink％7CURI“ target =” _ blank“> FLO11 比以前预期的要复杂。

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