Allogeneic tumor cell vaccines provide off‐the‐shelf convenience but lack patient specificity due to heterogeneity in tumor antigens. Here, allogeneic tumor cell corpses are converted into “zombie cells” capable of assimilating heterogeneous tumor by seizing cancer cells and spreading adjuvant infection. This causes pseudo‐oncolysis of tumors, transforming them into immunogenic targets for enhanced phagocytosis. It is shown that in postoperative tumor models, localized delivery of premade “zombie cells” through stepwise gelation in resection cavity consolidates tumor surgery. Compared to analogous vaccines lacking “seizing” or “assimilating” capability, “zombie cell” platform effectively mobilizes T cell response against residual tumors, and establishes immunological memory against tumor re‐challenge, showing less susceptibility to immune evasion. Despite using allogeneic sources, “zombie cell” platform functions as generalizable framework to produce long‐term antitumor immunity in different tumor models, showing comparable effect to autologous vaccine. Together, with the potential of off‐the‐shelf availability and personalized relevance to heterogenous tumor antigens, this study suggests an alternative strategy for timely therapy after tumor surgery.
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机译：同种异体肿瘤细胞疫苗提供了现成的便利，但由于肿瘤抗原的异质性而缺乏患者特异性。在这里，同种异体肿瘤细胞尸体转化为“僵尸细胞”，能够通过夺取癌细胞和传播佐剂感染来同化异质性肿瘤。这会导致肿瘤的假性溶瘤，将它们转化为增强吞噬作用的免疫原性靶标。结果表明，在术后肿瘤模型中，通过在切除腔中逐步凝胶化局部递送预制的“僵尸细胞”巩固了肿瘤手术。与缺乏“抓住”或“同化”能力的类似疫苗相比，“僵尸细胞”平台有效地动员了 T 细胞对残留肿瘤的反应，并建立了针对肿瘤再攻击的免疫记忆，对免疫逃避的敏感性较低。尽管使用同种异体来源，但“僵尸细胞”平台作为可推广的框架，在不同的肿瘤模型中产生长期抗肿瘤免疫，显示出与自体疫苗相当的效果。结合现成可用性的潜力和与异质性肿瘤抗原的个性化相关性，本研究提出了一种在肿瘤手术后及时治疗的替代策略。
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