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共154条结果
  • 1.

    【2hr】Use and misuse of cosmetic contact lenses among US adolescents in Southeast Texas

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    机译 德克萨斯州东南部美国青少年中化妆品隐形眼镜的使用和滥用
    摘要：BackgroundCosmetic contact lenses (CCL) are popular among adolescents, but incorrect use can harm the eye.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Assent and consent in pediatric and adolescent research: school children’s perspectives

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    机译 儿科和青少年研究的同意和同意：小学生的观点
    摘要：BackgroundSchool students’ views and perceptions of informed parental consent and child assent about child participation in research in the Middle East are not known.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Mobile phone, social media usage, and perceptions of delivering a social media safer sex intervention for adolescents: results from two countries

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    机译 手机，社交媒体的使用以及对青少年提供社交媒体更安全的性干预的看法：来自两个国家的结果
    摘要：Purpose: Rates of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents remain high in the United States and Botswana. Mobile phone density rates in Botswana exceed those of the United States. Yet, in both countries, safer sex information continues to be delivered primarily via face-to-face curricula such as Becoming a Responsible Teen and Living as a Safe Teen. While social media shows promise as a medium for delivering risk-reduction information to youth, few studies have been conducted in either country to assess its effectiveness. This study examines adolescents in both countries, their mobile phone and social media usage, and their perceptions of safer sex interventions delivered via social media.Design and methods: Three focus groups were conducted with 28 adolescents 13–18 years of age who lived in the United States (n=14) and Botswana (n=14). Data analysis was ongoing, which informed the data collection process. After the first group, no additional revisions were made to the focus group protocol. An abridged method of analyzing the data was employed.Results: Adolescents in all groups discussed peer pressure and connectedness with mobile phones and social media and had general knowledge of STIs and HIV. The adolescents agreed that adaptation of risk reduction interventions for mobile phone and social media delivery was warranted, and they shared ideas for adaptation.Practice implications: Our findings provide a starting point for researchers interested in developing a social media intervention with global implications for sexual health promotion.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Attitudes and perceived barriers toward healthy lifestyle behaviors in Jordanian adolescents: a developing country perspective

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    机译 约旦青少年健康生活方式行为的态度和感知障碍：发展中国家的观点
    摘要：Background and aimsThere is an urgent need to address the role of healthy diet and behaviors promoting health among school adolescents in order to tailor appropriate interventions in Jordanian schools. This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of Students As LifeStyle Activists (SALSA) survey alongside Jordanian adolescents’ attitudes and perceived barriers to healthy eating and physical activity.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Older siblings' influence on sexual behavior of high school adolescents in Mekelle, northern Ethiopia

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    机译 埃塞俄比亚北部梅克尔的年长兄弟姐妹对高中生青少年性行为的影响
    摘要：Background: Older siblings are one of the key sources of beliefs about sexual activity, including safe sexual practices, and can even exert pressure to engage in sexual activities. This effect persists beyond parental supervision and peer pressure. Despite this, although a considerable body of research has examined parental and peer influence, comparable data on older sibling influence on younger adolescent sexual behaviors are scant, and this area needs in-depth analysis.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess older siblings' influence on sexual behavior of high school adolescents in Mekelle, northern Ethiopia in 2017–2018.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used, and a total of 285 adolescents who had ever had sex were sampled randomly from selected schools. Data were entered into Epi-info version 07 and exported to and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Means ± SD, frequency, percentage, and cross-tabulation were used to describe the result. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was fitted to compute older sibling influence.Results: Perceiving older sibling sexual behavior as risky increased adolescents’ likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behavior. (AOR 4.52, 95% CI 2.59–7.89) whereas high intimacy with an older sibling (AOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.17–0.59) decreased the odds of risky sexual behavior (AOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.30–0.92).Conclusion: Older siblings had an influence on the sexual behavior of youngr adolescents. Perceiving older sibling sexual behavior as healthy and high sibling intimacy may serve as protective factors; however, risky sexual behavior of an older sibling can increase high school adolescents' likelihood for same. As such, families should realize that elders can affect their younger siblings' behavior, included the former in family strategies, and give them responsibility to protect their younger siblings.
  • 6.

    【2hr】The effect of a community crash reenactment program on teen alcohol awareness and behavior

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    机译 社区崩溃重演程序对青少年酒精意识和行为的影响
    摘要：Background: Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of death in US teens, encompassing greater than one in three deaths. Mock crash reenactments have been used to promote awareness in communities about the effects of drinking and driving.  The majority of these programs are for alcohol injury prevention, target high school students, and often involve a scenario of a student driving while under the influence (DUI) and sustaining a fatal car crash.Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a regional mock crash reenactment upon the students’ drinking and driving knowledge and behaviors.Methods: An observational pre-post study was conducted.  The survey had seven five-point Likert-scale questions (1 being strongly disagree and 5 strongly agree) measuring outcomes. Students were surveyed before and after the crash reenactment concerning their knowledge and attitudes related to drinking and driving. The survey also included questions that queried participant’s age, gender, alcohol consumption history, and seatbelt usage.Results: The final study population included 947 pre-surveys and 840 post-surveys.  Students demonstrated no significant increase in knowledge-based drinking and driving questions.  However, after the reenactment program, students were 1.39 times less likely to report drinking and driving in the future or that they would get into a car with someone who would drive drunk. Students were 1.7 times more likely to report thinking about the risks associated with drinking and driving after participating in the program.Conclusion: After viewing a mock crash reenactment, students reported they were less likely to drink and drive in the future or get into a car with someone who would drive drunk, and were more likely often think the risks associated with drinking and driving. 
  • 7.

    【2hr】To Join Or Not To Join? A Case Of Sickle Cell Clubs, Stigma And Discrimination In Secondary Schools In Butambala District, Uganda

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    机译 加入还是不加入？乌干达Butambala区中学镰刀状细胞俱乐部，污名和歧视的案例
    摘要：BackgroundPeople living with sickle cell face a lot of stigma and discrimination in Uganda. This stigma is as a result of the lack of the general conceptualization of this condition. For students, the stigma is often due to their differences like jaundice, delayed sexual maturation, and physical growth. This makes individuals with SCD targets for teasing and bullying. This study assessed the knowledge and perception among secondary school students in a rural district of Butambala at nine selected schools. The study also evaluated the use of sickle cell clubs as a tool for behavior change towards the associated stigma and discrimination.
  • 8.

    【2hr】The creation of a national coalition to target adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a meeting report

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    机译 建立针对青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的国家联盟：会议报告
    摘要：In this report, we document the discussions and recommendations of a national conference designed to create a coalition to tackle adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) held on June 6 and 7, 2017 in Hamilton, ON, Canada. The goal of the establishment of this coalition is to join the efforts of patients, parents, physicians, researchers and other stakeholders to identify stakeholders’ perspectives and to categorize gaps in knowledge and target further AIS research and clinical care priorities. The participants’ main priorities included focus on shared decision making regarding clinical and research priorities between the stakeholders on the clinical, research and policy sides with patients and families. In addition, improvements in the dissemination of information via digital platforms and identification of cost-effective screening strategies that may help early identification and intervention were also recognized as a priority. Commitment was reached to form a national coalition to understand the determinants of this condition and enhance patient outcomes through improved clinical care and research efforts.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Effect of dance on lower-limb range of motion in young people with cerebral palsy: a blinded randomized controlled clinical trial

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    机译 舞蹈对脑瘫青少年下肢活动范围的影响：一项随机对照临床试验
    摘要：PurposeOne of the most limiting conditions in cerebral palsy (CP) is the impairment in musculoskeletal mobility. CP may impair the ability to perform efficient movements. The aim of this trial was to investigate the effect of dance on the range of motion (ROM) of lower limbs in young people with CP.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Determinants of adolescents reproductive health service utilization in Ethiopia: a systematic review of quantitative evidence

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    机译 埃塞俄比亚青少年生殖健康服务利用的决定因素：定量证据的系统评价
    摘要：Purpose: Adolescents in Ethiopia face many health problems which emanate from low knowledge and awareness of their reproductive health (RH), though there are additional factors contributing to the problem. Provision of adequate, friendly, and quality RH services to this group of young people is vital to have healthy and productive generation. This systematic review aimed to assemble the top obtainable evidence for the determinants of adolescent RH services utilization in Ethiopia.Methods: Systematic review of literature searches in major databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Popline was conducted. English language articles published from 2010 onwards were sought. Socio-demographic and behavioral related outcomes were our interest. Fixed effect model with mantel Haenszel method was used to conduct meta-analysis using Revman5 software. Records were assessed for eligibility by two independent reviewers, with a third reviewer resolving disagreements.Result: Four community-based cross-sectional studies were included in the review. Results of the meta-analysis showed that adolescents whose educational level was primary were 57% less likely to use RH services than adolescents whose educational level was secondary and above. In-school adolescents were 2.39 more likely to utilize Family Planning services than adolescents who were out-of-school. Moreover, adolescents who ever discussed on RH issues with relatives/family/health workers were 3.63 more likely to utilize the services than adolescents who did not discuss with anyone else.Conclusion: We found adolescents’ educational level; schooling status and ever discussion on RH issues were associated with RH service utilization in Ethiopia. Health information/education should be given in a regular manner to adolescents in schools and out of school on the availability and need for RH services. Developing the culture of discussion on RH issues within the community may help adolescents to be aware and utilize the available services.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Social stigma and self-perception in adolescents with tourette syndrome

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    机译 抽动秽语综合征青少年的社会污名和自我认知
    摘要：Tourette syndrome (TS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics, which commonly presents with multiple behavioral problems, including co-morbid attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Both tics and co-morbid conditions have been shown to potentially affect patients’ health-related quality of life. While TS typically presents in childhood, its manifestations peak in severity during adolescence, a critical period in which affected individuals are exposed to potential stigma from peers. Physical and behavioral manifestations can also contribute to stigma, which subsequently leads to poorer health outcomes, discrimination, and a reduced willingness to seek help. The available evidence suggests that young patients with TS can experience reduced social acceptance from peers and difficulties establishing relationships. There is also evidence that some health care professionals share the unhelpful belief that young patients with TS should be disciplined in order to correct their disruptive behavior, based on the erroneous assumption that tics can be consciously controlled. Studies focussed on self-perception in patients with TS have yielded inconsistent results, with some studies showing problems in the domains of self-concept and self-esteem. Feelings of isolation, loneliness, and experiences of bullying have been reported more consistently. Interventions are required to reduce misconceptions about the condition and thus reduce stigma through targeted education and behavioral interventions. A multi-faceted approach that focuses on educating children, adults, and educators about TS would be beneficial to help alleviate stigma. This can be combined with self-advocacy and tailored psychological therapies for young patients with TS. The present paper reviews the current literature on stigma and self-perception in adolescents with TS in order to inform clinical decisions about management strategies and possible interventions to improve health-related quality of life.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Poor sleep and adolescent obesity risk: a narrative review of potential mechanisms

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    机译 睡眠不足和青少年肥胖风险：潜在机制的叙事回顾
    摘要：Poor sleep is related to increased obesity risk in adolescents, though the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the various pathways that have been proposed to drive this relationship. In this framework, increased food reward, emotional reactivity, decreased inhibitory control, metabolic disturbances, poorer dietary quality, and disrupted meal timings may increase the likelihood of increasing overall energy intake. This paper further notes how poor sleep increases sedentary behavior and screen time, which likely limits overall energy expenditure. The model posits that these mechanisms result in an imbalance of energy intake and expenditure following poor sleep, intensifying the overall risk for obesity. Increases in food reward processes, decreases in insulin sensitivity, disrupted meal timing, and increases in sedentary behavior seem to be the most compelling mechanisms linking poor sleep with increased obesity risk in adolescents. Future directions and clinical implications of this framework are discussed.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Positive youth development: current perspectives

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    机译 积极的青年发展：当前观点
    摘要：This review outlines the current perspectives on positive youth development (PYD). Besides presenting the diverse theoretical roots contributing to PYD approaches, this review also introduces several PYD perspectives, including Benson’s 40 developmental assets, Lerner’s 5Cs and 6Cs conceptions, Catalano’s 15 PYD constructs, social-emotional learning (SEL) and the “being” perspective (character and spirituality). A comparison of the different PYD models in terms of theoretical orientation, the role of community, spirituality, character/morality, thriving, “being” versus “doing” and origin is also presented. The review suggests three future research directions, including the development of spirituality and character approaches to PYD, differentiating the role of “being” versus “doing” in PYD and construction of PYD models as well as conducting related research in non-Western contexts.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Bracing In The Treatment Of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Evidence To Date

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    机译 支架治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯：迄今为止的证据
    • 作者：Nikos Karavidas
    • 刊名：Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
    • 2019年第期
    摘要：Brace effectiveness for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was controversial until recent studies provided high quality of evidence that bracing can decrease likelihood of progression and need for operative treatment. Very low evidence exists regarding bracing over 40ο and adult degenerative scoliosis. Initial in-brace correction and compliance seem to be the most important predictive factors for successful treatment outcome. However, the amount of correction and adherence to wearing hours have not been established yet. Moderate evidence suggests that thoracic and double curves, and curves over 30ο at an early growth stage have more risk for failure. High and low body mass index scores are also associated with low successful rates. CAD/CAM braces have shown better initial correction and are more comfortable than conventional plaster cast braces. For a curve at high risk of progression, rigid and day-time braces are significantly more effective than soft or night-time braces. No safe conclusion on effectiveness can be drawn while comparing symmetrical and asymmetrical brace designs. The addition of physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises in brace treatment can provide better outcomes and is recommended, when possible. Despite the growing evidence for brace effectiveness, there is still an imperative need for future high methodological quality studies to be conducted.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Evaluating the prevalence of diabetes mellitus subtypes in childhood cancer survivors: a systematic review protocol

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    机译 评价儿童癌症幸存者中糖尿病亚型的患病率：系统评价方案
    摘要：Objectives: The number of children who survive cancer is reaching new record levels, thanks to improved management strategies. However, this population is predisposed to chronic health conditions including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, yet the full scale of these diagnoses in this population is unclear. This protocol describes the conduct of a systematic review to report on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) subtypes in childhood cancer survivors.Methods: Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We will also search gray literature in Theses A&I, ProQuest Dissertations, and Web of Science as well as clinicaltrials.gov. Screening search results and data abstraction will be done independently by two reviewers. We will conduct a meta-analysis if two studies have similar designs, populations, methods, and outcome measures reported.Results: The findings of this systematic review will provide insights into the scale of diabetes in childhood cancer survivors to allow the prioritization of subpopulations that need specific interventions to screen, prevent, and treat DM. This will likely lead to improved outcomes in childhood cancer survivors.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Poor Sleep And Adolescent Obesity Risk: Respiratory Dysfunction [Letter]

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    机译 睡眠不足和青少年肥胖风险：呼吸功能障碍[字母]
    • 作者：Bruno Bordoni
    • 刊名：Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
    • 2019年第期
    摘要：
  • 17.

    【2hr】Translating knowledge into action to prevent pediatric and adolescent diabesity: a meeting report

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    机译 将知识转化为预防小儿和青少年糖尿病的行动：会议报告
    摘要：BackgroundThe obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) rates are at an all-time high globally. This diabesity epidemic is increasingly impacting children and adolescents, and there is scarce evidence of interventions with favourable long-term outcomes.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Effect and features of information technology-based interventions on self-management in adolescent and young adult kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review

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    机译 基于信息技术的干预措施对青少年和年轻成人肾脏移植受者自我管理的影响和特征：系统评价
    摘要：IntroductionAdolescent and young adult periods are characterized by increased risk-taking, impulsive behavior, and nonadherence issues, which makes it equally challenging for patients and their health care professionals. Health information technology (IT) has the potential to empower patients.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Addressing the dual health epidemics of HIV and sexual abuse among children and adolescents in Kenya: uptake of HIV counseling and post-exposure prophylaxis

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    机译 解决肯尼亚儿童和青少年中艾滋病毒和性虐待的双重健康流行：接受艾滋病毒咨询和接触后预防
    摘要：PurposeChild sexual abuse and HIV are key health challenges in Kenya. In 2015, LVCT Health conducted a study aimed at assessing the quality of HIV-related services offered to child survivors of sexual violence in public health facilities.
  • 20.

    【2hr】What does it mean to be youth-friendly? Results from qualitative interviews with health care providers and clinic staff serving youth and young adults living with HIV

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    机译 对青年友善意味着什么？对服务于感染艾滋病毒的青年和年轻人的医疗保健提供者和诊所工作人员进行的定性访谈的结果
    摘要：PurposeGiven the consistent associations between younger age and numerous suboptimal clinical outcomes, there is a critical need for more research in youth living with human immunodeficiency virus (YLWH) and tailoring of health care delivery to the unique and complex needs of this population. The objective of this study was to examine the facilitators of and barriers to engagement in care among YLHW at the system and provider/staff level, as well as the barriers to using technology-based forms of communication with YLWH to improve retention and engagement in care.
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