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  • NLM标题： Adolesc Health Med Ther
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  • 1.

    【2hr】The effect of cannabis exposure on pubertal outcomes: a systematic review

    包量

    机译 大麻暴露对青春期结局的影响：系统评价
    摘要：PurposeSeveral countries are legalizing the use of medicinal cannabis and easing restrictions on its recreational use. While adults have been the primary target of these initiatives, expanding access to cannabis will likely lead to increased use by children. While the effects of cannabis on pediatric neuropsychological and mental health outcomes have been broadly studied, there are limited data on the physical health effects of cannabis, including endocrine health. Animal studies have shown that chronic cannabis use leads to delayed sexual maturation; however, its effects on pubertal outcomes in children are not well studied. This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of cannabis use on pubertal timing and tempo in children.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Prevalence of vancomycin resistance among isolates of enterococci in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    包量

    机译 伊朗肠球菌分离株对万古霉素耐药的流行：系统评价和荟萃分析
    摘要：IntroductionEnterococcus is responsible for 10% of hospital-acquired infections. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) isolates in Iran using a meta-analysis method.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Borderline personality disorder in adolescents: prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment strategies

    包量

    机译 青少年边缘性人格障碍：患病率，诊断和治疗策略
    摘要：Using the same Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth version (DSM-V) criteria as in adults, borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescents is defined as a 1-year pattern of immature personality development with disturbances in at least five of the following domains: efforts to avoid abandonment, unstable interpersonal relationships, identity disturbance, impulsivity, suicidal and self-mutilating behaviors, affective instability, chronic feelings of emptiness, inappropriate intense anger, and stress-related paranoid ideation. BPD can be reliably diagnosed in adolescents as young as 11 years. The available epidemiological studies suggest that the prevalence of BPD in the general population of adolescents is around 3%. The clinical prevalence of BPD ranges from 11% in adolescents consulting at an outpatient clinic to 78% in suicidal adolescents attending an emergency department. The diagnostic procedure is based on a clinical assessment with respect to developmental milestones and the interpersonal context. The key diagnostic criterion is the 1-year duration of symptoms. Standardized, clinician-rated instruments are available for guiding this assessment (eg, the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines-Revised and the Childhood Interview for DSM-IV-TR BPD). The assessment should include an evaluation of the suicidal risk. Differential diagnosis is a particular challenge, given the high frequency of mixed presentations and comorbidities. With respect to clinical and epidemiological studies, externalizing disorders in childhood constitute a risk factor for developing BPD in early adolescence, whereas adolescent depressive disorders are predictive of BPD in adulthood. The treatment of adolescents with BPD requires commitment from the parents, a cohesive medical team, and a coherent treatment schedule. With regard to evidence-based medicine, psychopharmacological treatment is not recommended and, if ultimately required, should be limited to second-generation antipsychotics. Supportive psychotherapy is the most commonly available first-line treatment. Randomized controlled trials have provided evidence in favor of the use of specific, manualized psychotherapies (dialectic-behavioral therapy, cognitive analytic therapy, and mentalization-based therapy).
  • 4.

    【2hr】Screening for HIV and linkage to care in adolescents: insights from a systematic review of recent interventions in high- versus low- and middle-income settings

    包量

    机译 筛查青少年艾滋病毒和与护理的联系：对近期针对高收入，低收入和中等收入环境的干预措施进行系统回顾的见解
    摘要：IntroductionCompared to adults, adolescents and young adults have a higher incidence of HIV infection, yet lower rates of HIV testing. Few evidence-based interventions effectively diagnose new HIV infections among adolescents while successfully providing linkage to care.
  • 5.

    【2hr】An economic examination of private insurance claims among adolescents and young adults who were enrolled in hospice during the last year of life

    包量

    机译 对生命最后一年中加入临终关怀的青少年和年轻人进行私人保险理赔的经济研究
    摘要：PurposeThe purpose of this study was to generate baseline data on the health characteristics, health care utilization, and health care spending among privately insured adolescents and young adults (AYA), who were enrolled in hospice care during their last year of life.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Acanthosis nigricans in obese adolescents: prevalence, impact, and management challenges

    包量

    机译 肥胖青少年中的黑棘皮病：患病率，影响和管理挑战
    • 作者：Hak Yung Ng
    • 刊名：Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
    • 2017年第期
    摘要：Obesity in adolescence is a public health priority because it usually tracks into adulthood, resulting in enormous medical and social costs. This underscores the importance of early identification and intervention. Acanthosis nigricans (AN) was once considered a rare paraneoplastic dermatosis, but is now frequently observed in obese adolescents. Current understanding suggests that it is associated with insulin resistance and has a unique role in secondary prevention. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive overview of AN in obese adolescents, covering its history, current knowledge on the condition, its clinical significance, management challenges, and the direction of future research.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Burkitt lymphoma in adolescents and young adults: management challenges

    包量

    机译 青少年和年轻人的伯基特淋巴瘤：管理挑战
    摘要：About one-half of all Burkitt lymphoma (BL) patients are younger than 40 years, and one-third belong to the adolescent and young adult (AYA) subset, defined by an age between 15 and 25–40 years, based on selection criteria used in different reports. BL is an aggressive B-cell neoplasm displaying highly characteristic clinico-diagnostic features, the biologic hallmark of which is a translocation involving immunoglobulin and c-MYC genes. It presents as sporadic, endemic, or epidemic disease. Endemicity is pathogenetically linked to an imbalance of the immune system which occurs in African children infected by malaria parasites and Epstein–Barr virus, while the epidemic form strictly follows the pattern of infection by HIV. BL shows propensity to extranodal involvement of abdominal organs, bone marrow, and central nervous system, and can cause severe metabolic and renal impairment. Nevertheless, BL is highly responsive to specifically designed short-intensive, rotational multiagent chemotherapy programs, empowered by the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. When carefully applied with appropriate supportive measures, these modern programs achieve a cure rate of approximately 90% in the average AYA patient, irrespective of clinical stage, which is the best result achievable in any aggressive lymphoid malignancy to date. The challenges ahead concern the following: optimization of management in underdeveloped countries, with reduction of diagnostic and referral-for-care intervals, and the applicability of currently curative regimens; the development of lower intensity but equally effective treatments for frail or immunocompromised patients at risk of death by complications; the identification of very high-risk patients through positron-emission tomography and minimal residual disease assays; and the assessment in these and the few refractory/relapsed ones of new monoclonals (ofatumumab, blinatumomab, inotuzumab ozogamicin) and new molecules targeting c-MYC and key proliferative steps of B-cell malignancies.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Targeted therapy for soft tissue sarcomas in adolescents and young adults

    包量

    机译 针对青少年和年轻人的软组织肉瘤的靶向治疗
    摘要：Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from the mesenchyme. Even though they affect individuals in all age groups, the prevalence of subtypes of STSs changes significantly from childhood through adolescence into adulthood. The mainstay of therapy is surgery, with or without the addition of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. These treatment modalities are associated, in many cases, with significant morbidity and, given the heterogeneity of tumor histologies encompassed by the term “STS”, have not uniformly improved outcomes. Moreover, some subgroups of STSs appear to be more, and others less, responsive to conventional chemotherapy agents. Over the last two decades, our understanding of the biology of STSs is slowly increasing, allowing for the development of more targeted therapies. We review the new treatment modalities that have been tested on patients with STSs, with a special focus on adolescents and young adults, a group of patients that is often underrepresented in clinical trials and has not received the dedicated attention it deserves, given the significant differences in biology and treatment response in comparison to children and adults.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Gender nonconforming youth: current perspectives

    包量

    机译 性别不合格青年：当前观点
    • 作者：Diane Ehrensaft
    • 刊名：Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
    • 2017年第期
    摘要：Beginning with a case vignette, a discussion follows of the reformulation of theories of gender development taking into consideration the recent upsurge of gender nonconforming and transgender youth presenting for gender services and also in the culture at large. The three predominant models of pediatric gender care are reviewed and critiqued, along with a presentation of the recently developed interdisciplinary model of gender care optimal in the treatment of gender nonconforming youth seeking either puberty blockers or cross-sex hormones.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Family-based treatment of eating disorders in adolescents: current insights

    包量

    机译 基于家庭的青少年饮食失调治疗：最新见解
    • 作者：Renee D Rienecke
    • 刊名：Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
    • 2017年第期
    摘要：Eating disorders are serious illnesses associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Family-based treatment (FBT) has emerged as an effective intervention for adolescents with anorexia nervosa, and preliminary evidence suggests that it may be efficacious in the treatment of adolescents with bulimia nervosa. Multifamily therapy for anorexia nervosa provides a more intensive experience for families needing additional support. This review outlines the three phases of treatment, key tenets of family-based treatment, and empirical support for FBT. In addition, FBT in higher levels of care is described, as well as challenges in the implementation of FBT and recent adaptations to FBT, including offering additional support to eating-disorder caregivers. Future research is needed to identify families for whom FBT does not work, determine adaptations to FBT that may increase its efficacy, develop ways to improve treatment adherence among clinicians, and find ways to support caregivers better during treatment.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Current perspectives in the USA on the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease in adolescents

    包量

    机译 美国对青少年盆腔炎的诊断和治疗的当前观点
    摘要：In this review, the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are discussed from a USA perspective and the difficulties that USA adolescents face in recognizing and seeking care for PID and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are emphasized. Females aged 15–24 years have the highest incidence of cervical infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae, the principal causes of PID. PID is common in this age group. However, the incidence of PID in the USA is not known, because it is not a reportable disease, and because clinicians vary in the criteria used for the diagnosis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended the following diagnostic criteria that include lower abdominal or pelvic pain and at least one of the following: adnexal tenderness or cervical motion tenderness or uterine tenderness. Because PID can have serious sequelae, the criteria emphasize sensitivity (few false-negatives) at the expense of specificity (some false-positives). Patients who have PID are usually treated in the outpatient setting, following the CDC’s Guidelines for the Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2015. They receive one dose of an intramuscular cephalosporin, together with 2 weeks of oral doxy cycline, and sometimes oral metronidazole. Improvement should usually be evident in 3 days. The USA does not offer comprehensive sex education for adolescents in public or private schools. Adolescents are unlikely to recognize the symptoms of PID and seek medical treatment. Confidentiality is important to adolescents, and low cost or free sources of confidential care are uncommon, making it unlikely that an adolescent would seek care even if she suspected an STI. The CDC has concluded that screening programs for chlamydia and gonorrhea infection help prevent PID; however, the lack of appropriate sources of care makes adolescents’ participation in screening programs unlikely.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Epidemiology, diagnosis, and optimal management of glioma in adolescents and young adults

    包量

    机译 青少年和年轻人的神经胶质瘤的流行病学，诊断和最佳治疗
    摘要：Neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) are the most frequently encountered solid tumors of childhood, but are less common in adolescents and young adults (AYA), aged 15–39 years. Gliomas account for 29%–35% of the CNS tumors in AYA, with approximately two-thirds being low-grade glioma (LGG) and the remaining being high-grade glioma (HGG). We review the epidemiology, work-up, and management of LGG and HGG, focusing on the particular issues faced by the AYA population relative to pediatric and adult populations. Visual pathway glioma and brainstem glioma, which represent unique clinical entities, are only briefly discussed. As a general management approach for both LGG and HGG, maximal safe resection should be attempted. AYA with LGG who undergo gross total resection (GTR) may be safely observed. As age increases and the risk factors for recurrence accumulate, adjuvant therapy should be more strongly considered with a strong consideration of advanced radiation techniques such as proton beam therapy to reduce long-term radiation-related toxicity. Recent results also suggest survival advantage for adult patients with the use of adjuvant chemotherapy when radiation is indicated. Whenever possible, AYA patients with HGG should be enrolled in a clinical trial for the benefit of centralized genetic and molecular prognostic review and best clinical care. Chemoradiation should be offered to all World Health Organization grade IV patients with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy after maximal safe resection. Younger adolescents with GTR of grade III lesions may consider radiotherapy alone or sequential radiotherapy and chemotherapy if unable to tolerate concurrent treatment. A more comprehensive classification of gliomas integrating pathology and molecular data is emerging, and this integrative strategy offers the potential to be more accurate and reproducible in guiding diagnostic, prognostic, and management decisions.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Update on the management of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and role of IL-1 and IL-6 inhibition

    包量

    机译 有关系统性幼年特发性关节炎的治疗方法以及IL-1和IL-6抑制作用的最新进展
    摘要：Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a disease marked with arthritis and several features of systemic inflammation including fevers, rashes, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and serositis. The presentation can be variable and arthritis can be a later feature. Macrophage activation syndrome can be a life-threatening complication of this illness and requires early recognition and prompt therapy. Advancements in understanding the biology of SJIA have led to the development of cytokine-targeted therapies, mainly interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 inhibitors that have significantly improved outcomes. In this review, we provide an update on the advances in the understanding of SJIA biology and also the therapeutic options.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Adolescent pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: current perspectives

    包量

    机译 青少年暴露前预防艾滋病毒的预防：当前观点
    摘要：Adolescents are a critical population that is disproportionately impacted by the HIV epidemic. More than 2 million adolescents between the age group of 10 and 19 years are living with HIV, and millions are at risk of infection. HIV risks are considerably higher among girls, especially in high-prevalence settings such as eastern and southern Africa. In addition to girls, there are other vulnerable adolescent subgroups, such as teenagers, who use intravenous (IV) drugs, gay and bisexual boys, transgender youth, male sex workers, and people who fall into more than one of these categories. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a new intervention for people at high risk for acquiring HIV, with an estimated HIV incidence of >3%. Recent data from trials show evidence of the efficacy of PrEP as a powerful HIV prevention tool in high-risk populations, including men who have sex with men, HIV-1-serodiscordant heterosexual couples, and IV drug users. The reported efficacy in those trials of the daily use of oral tenofovir, alone or in combination with emtricitabine, to prevent HIV infection ranged from 44% to 75% and was heavily dependent on adherence. Despite the proven efficacy of PrEP in adult trials, concerns remain about its feasibility in real-life scenarios due to stigma, cost, and limited clinician experience with PrEP delivery. Recent studies are attempting to expand the inquiry into the efficacy of such HIV prophylaxis approaches in adolescent populations, but there are still many gaps in knowledge, and no country has yet approved it for use with adolescents. The aim of this review was to identify and summarize the evidence from studies on PrEP for adolescents. We have compiled and reviewed published studies focusing on safety, feasibility, adherence to therapeutics, self-perception, and legal issues related to PrEP in people aged between 10 and 24 years.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Predicting the occurrence of headache and back pain in young adults by biopsychological characteristics assessed at childhood or adolescence

    包量

    机译 通过在童年或青春期评估的生物心理特征预测年轻人的头痛和背痛的发生
    摘要：The aim of the current study was to identify predictors of recurrent headache and back pain in young adults (aged 18–27 years) from data assessed in childhood or adolescence, i.e., 9 years before the final survey. Our interest was whether psychological characteristics contribute to the risk of pain prevalence in adult age when controlling for already empirically supported risk factors such as parental pain, pediatric pain and sex. The study was part of a five-wave epidemiological investigation of >5000 families with children aged between 7 and 14 years when addressed first. In a multiple hierarchical regression analysis, the abovementioned three variables (Block-I variables) were entered first followed by five psychological trait variables (Block-II variables: internalizing, anxiety sensitivity, somatosensory amplification, catastrophizing and dysfunctional stress coping) to find out the extent of model improvement. The multivariable hierarchical regression analysis confirmed the hypothesis that the Block-I variables significantly enhance the risk of future pain at young adult age. None of the psychological variables did so. Thus, the hypothesis of a significant surplus predictive effect was not confirmed. The amount of total explained variance differed strongly between headache and back pain. In particular, a valid prediction of back pain was not possible. When analyzed separately in simple regression analysis, psychological variables turned out to be significant predictors, however, of very low effect size. The inclusion of Block-I variables in the model clearly reduced the impact of the psychological variables. This risk profile is discussed in the context of the different trajectories of headache and back pain from childhood to adult age, which were proposed by various studies. We propose that a biopsychological characteristic denoted as emotional negativity, especially regarding self-reference, might be a common factor behind all selected variables. Risk research in recurrent pain is a field where much more multidisciplinary research is needed before progress can be expected.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Pregnancy outcomes in younger and older adolescent mothers with severe preeclampsia

    包量

    机译 患有严重先兆子痫的年轻和老年青春期母亲的妊娠结局
    摘要：BackgroundAdolescent mothers are at higher risk for preeclampsia, but the effect of their age on the outcome of the pregnancy complication is not clear.
  • 17.

    【2hr】The predictive effect of medical illnesses for mental health care in adolescence: a register-based study

    包量

    机译 医学疾病对青少年心理健康的预测作用：基于登记的研究
    摘要：BackgroundAdolescence is a developmentally sensitive stage, during which a medical illness may have an effect on individual development, and vice versa. Chronic medical illnesses in adolescents have been associated with psychiatric symptoms. The aim of the present register-based pilot study was to assess whether, and to what extent, different medical diagnoses predict subsequent use of mental health services among adolescents.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Effects of immediate postpartum contraceptive counseling on long-acting reversible contraceptive use in adolescents

    包量

    机译 立即产后避孕咨询对青少年长效可逆避孕药使用的影响
    摘要：BackgroundAdolescent pregnancy is a global public health problem, particularly repeated pregnancy. The best strategy to lower prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and repeated pregnancy is promoting highly effective long-acting contraceptive methods along with special counseling programs. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is the ideal contraceptive of choice for adolescents. It is not known whether immediate postpartum contraceptive counseling increases postpartum LARC use in adolescents.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Differences in sexual behavior, health, and history of child abuse among school students who had and had not engaged in sexual activity by the age of 18 years: a cross-sectional study

    包量

    机译 一项横断面研究：在18岁以前有过和没有从事过性活动的在校学生中，性行为，健康和虐待儿童的历史差异：
    摘要：BackgroundEmpirical research about late sexual debut and its consequences is limited, and further research is needed.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Adverse obstetrical and perinatal outcome in adolescent mothers associated with first birth: a hospital-based case-control study in a tertiary care hospital in North-East India

    包量

    机译 与初生相关的青春期母亲的产科和围产期不良结果：印度东北部三级医院的医院病例对照研究
    摘要：PurposeTo analyze the adverse obstetrical and perinatal outcome of adolescent mothers associated with first birth.
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