Analysis of Diffusion in Solid-StateElectrolytes through MD Simulations Improvement of the Li-Ion Conductivityin β-Li3PS4 as an Example

摘要

Molecular dynamics simulations are a powerful tool to study diffusion processes in battery electrolyte and electrode materials. From molecular dynamics simulations, many properties relevant to diffusion can be obtained, including the diffusion path, amplitude of vibrations, jump rates, radial distribution functions, and collective diffusion processes. Here it is shown how the activation energies of different jumps and the attempt frequency can be obtained from a single molecular dynamics simulation. These detailed diffusion properties provide a thorough understanding of diffusion in solid electrolytes, and provide direction for the design of improved solid electrolyte materials. The presently developed analysis methodology is applied to DFT MD simulations of Li-ion diffusion in β-Li3PS4. The methodology presented is generally applicable to diffusion in crystalline materials and facilitates the analysis of molecular dynamics simulations. The code used for the analysis is freely available at: . The results on β–Li3PS4 demonstrate that jumps between bc planes limit the conductivity of this important class of solid electrolyte materials. The simulationsindicate that the rate-limiting jump process can be accelerated significantlyby adding Li interstitials or Li vacancies, promoting three-dimensionaldiffusion, which results in increased macroscopic Li-ion diffusivity.Li vacancies can be introduced through Br doping, which is predictedto result in an order of magnitude larger Li-ion conductivity in β–Li3PS4. Furthermore, the present simulations rationalizethe improved Li-ion diffusivity upon O doping through the change inLi distribution in the crystal. Thus, it is demonstrated how a thoroughunderstanding of diffusion, based on thorough analysis of MD simulations,helps to gain insight and develop strategies to improve the ionicconductivity of solid electrolytes.