下肢深静脉血栓形成合并肺栓塞小型猪模型的建立及评价方法

摘要

目的初步探寻建立下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)合并肺栓塞(PE)的小型猪模型的方法.方法15只小型猪随机分为3组(A、B、C).每组通过结扎双侧股静脉并注入氨甲苯酸以获得DVT模型,并经B超证实；3组实验猪分别于建模后第1、4、7天拆除双侧结扎线,并洗脱一侧股静脉内自体血栓后行CT血管造影(CTA)检查,若无肺栓塞影像学证据,则经头静脉注入体外制备的血栓后再次行CTA检查,7d后将小型猪处死并行病理学检查.结果2只小型猪因严重肺炎排除,其余13只中11只DVT合并PE建模成功并经病理证实,建模即刻成功率73.33%(7d后成功率53.33%),其中B组建模成功率为100%.其中11只DVT在B超上表现为股静脉腔内的条索状低回声；PE在CTA上表现为肺动脉主干或分支的充盈缺损及截断.病理检查示肺动脉内见混有明胶海绵和自体血栓的栓塞物.结论下肢DVT合并PE小型猪模型可成功建立；B超和CTA检查可以较好的评价DVT和PE.%Objective To establish a piglet model of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods The deep venous thrombosis was induced in 15 piglets by ligation of bilateral femoral vein and injection of aminomethylbenzoic acid, the DVT was confirmed by ultrasonography. DVT model piglets were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5 in each), the ligation of femoral vein was released after 1d (group A), 4d (group B) and 7d (group C), respectively. Then au-tologous blood clots of one side of the femoral vein were flushed and the lungs were examined with CT angiography (CTA) scan. If there was no evidence of pulmonary embolism, in vitro prepared autologous blood clots and gelatin sponge were injected through the cephalic vein to induce the PE;and the established DVT and PE were confirmed by CTA. The piglets were sacrificed after 7d, and the pathological examinations were performed. Results The DVT and PE were successful y induced in 11 piglets with the success rate of 73.3%(53.3%after 7d), while the success rate in group B was 100.0%. The DVT was presented on ultra-sonography as endovenous strip-like hypoechoic foci. The presentation of PE on the CTA was fil ing-defect and truncation of the pulmonary trunk or branch. Pathological examination revealed pulmonary emboli mixed with gelatin sponge and autologous blood clots. Conclusion The piglet model of DVT and PE has been successful y established, which can be confirmed by ultrasonogra-phy and CTA.