根据空气、冰与水不同的介电特性，利用空气层、冰层和水层3种不同介质组合成的电容传感器容值不同的原理，研制了电容感应式冰层厚度传感器，其可将采集的冰层厚度信息通过GSM短消息进行传输，实现对黄河冰层厚度的测报。电容传感器采用同面规则排列的多极结构，激励信号经多路开关从上至下分别接通电极，获取不同电极板间的电压值序列，将电压值信号经过合理的算法进行数据处理和分析，能准确测量冰层－水层、冰层－空气层的分界面，计算两个分界面的距离，就可得出冰层的厚度。应用结果表明：电容感应式冰层厚度传感器的测量数据与手工实测数据非常接近，在某些测量点存在约10％的测量误差，基本能满足冰水情测量的要求。%A capacitive induction sensor of ice thickness was developed according to the principle that air, ice and water had different dielectric properties and capacitive sensors with three different medium of air layers, ice layers or water layers having different capacitance values. The forecast of the Yellow River ice thickness were achieved by transmitting the collected ice thickness information through the GSM short message data. Multi⁃electrode structure arranged with uni⁃planar regulation was used in the capacitive sensor. Pumping signal was connected to the electrodes via multiplex switch from top to bottom respectively and then the voltage value sequence between different electrode plates could be obtained. Data processing and analysis were conducted to the voltage value signal with reasonable algorithm, which could accurately measure the "ice⁃water" layer and"ice⁃air" layer interfaces. By calculating the distance between the two interfaces, the ice thickness could be detected. The field application results show that with the measurement error of about 10% at some of the measuring points, the data measured by the capacitive induction ice thickness sensor are very close to the actually measured data and the requirements of the measurement of ice⁃water condition can be basically met.
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