清水河流域水沙变化分析

摘要

Based on the hydrological observation data of Qingshui River basin in Ningxia of 1958⁃2012,this paper analyzed the river basin water and sediment spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, trends and relationships. Mann⁃Kendall nonparametric test method, regression analysis and double accumulation curve method were used in this article. The results indicate that a) runoff and sediment of the Guyuan and Hanfuwan stations discharge years show unimodal type, concentrating in the period of June⁃September, the interannual variation coefficient is 0.61⁃0.87 and 1.00⁃1.53. Between Guyuan and Quanyanshan stations of water and sediment volume accounts for 92.9% of the total basin; b ) from 1958 to 2012, runoff and sediment discharge show a trend of decrease of the Guyuan and Hanfuwan stations, Quanyanshan Station is not significant increase trend;c) between runoff and sediment discharge is good cubic polynomial, after 2006 runoff and sediment of Qingshui River basin has a decreasing trend.%以宁夏清水河流域1958—2012年的水文观测数据为依据，采用Mann－Kendall秩次相关检验法、回归分析法和双累积曲线法对流域水沙时空分布特性、变化趋势和水沙关系进行了分析。结果表明：①固原和韩府湾站径流量、输沙量年内分配呈单峰型，集中在6—9月，年际变化剧烈，年际变差系数分别为0．61～0．87、1．00～1．53，固原—泉眼山区间是流域水、沙量的主要来源区，其多年平均径流量占流域总径流量的92．8％；②1958—2012年固原、韩府湾站年径流量、输沙量均呈减小趋势，泉眼山站呈不显著增大趋势；③径流量与输沙量之间呈较好的三次多项式关系，2006年以后流域内固原、韩府湾和泉眼山站水沙均呈减少趋势。