施钾量对设施甜瓜生长发育及产量品质的影响

摘要

[目的]在设施膜下滴灌栽培条件下,探索施钾量对甜瓜生长发育及产量品质的影响,确定设施甜瓜膜下滴灌栽培的适宜施钾量.[方法]以自育品种黄皮9818为试验材料,采用单因子随机区组设计,设4个施钾处理,进行田间小区试验.[结果]不同施钾处理对甜瓜干物质积累动态呈现缓慢积累—快速积累—缓慢积累的变化规律,且在出苗后61～85 d为干物质积累的旺盛时期,这一时期各处理干物质积累量占总积累量的67％～72％.营养器官干物质分配比重随生育期的进程而降低,生殖器官干物质分配比重随生育期的进程而增加,成熟期K2处理瓜干物质分配量最高为165.7g/株分别与K0、K1处理达显著差异.整个生育期K2、K3处理茎粗均高于K0、K1处理.[结论]一定范围内增施钾量可以显著促进甜瓜产量品质的增加,K2处理产量最高为31 970 kg/hm2,施钾量在150 kg/hm2时果实可溶性固形物中心部、总糖和VC含量最高.%[Objective] This project aims to explore the effect of potassium rate on growth,yield and quality of Hami Melon and confirm the appropriate rate of potassium under the cultivated conditions of mulch drip irrigation in facilities.[Method] The cultivar of melon-Huangpi 9818 was taken as the experimental material,one-factor randomized block was designed,four treatments of potassium were applied to conduct the field plot experiment.[Result] The dry matter dynamic accumulation of different potassium treatments show the variation rule:slow accumulation-rapid accumulation-slow accumulation,and after the emergence during 61-85 d,the dry matter dynamic accumulation is at the exuberant stage,the dry matter accumulation of treatments is 67％-72％ in total accumulation.With the of process of growing period,the distributive proportion of dry matter accumulation in nutritive organs is reducing,he distributive proportion in reproductive organs is increasing.Treatment K2 gets the highest allocation of dry matter,165.7 g/plant at maturity stage,which is significantly different from K0 and K1.During the whole growth period,the stem diameters of treatments K2,K3 are both higher than those of treatments K0 and K1.[Conclusion] It's showed that increasing the rate of potassium can greatly promote the increment of yield and quality in a certain range,the highest yield of K2 is 31,970 kg/hm2.Soluble solid content,total sugar,vitamin C reach their maximum with the amount of 150 kg/hm2 of potassium.