膜苞鸢尾花粉形态、活力与柱头可授性研究

摘要

[Objective] To explore the dynamic variation rule with pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Iris scariosa Willd.,in order to provide a reliable basic data for sexual reproduction.[Method] Scanning electron microscope was used to observe pollen morphology,in vitro pollen germination and staining method were applied to test the pollen viability,and the stigma receptivity of different flowering period was evaluated with the benzidine-α-naphtho method,and the artificial-pollinate method was employed to test the best period of pollination.[Result] The pollen morphology of aperture is monocolpate,belonging to the distal single groove-quasi groove type,the outer wall of pollen surface had scattered columnar grains;The higher pollination held in the first flowering day and flowering after 4 h reached the highest peak,the stigma had receptivity from the first day to flowering after 32 h.[Conclusion] The pollen morpho-gy is a more primitive type,female flower matured before male,Pollen viability and stigma overlap.The day of flowering and the next day are the best time for artificial pollination.%[目的]研究野生膜苞鸢尾(Iris scariosa.)花粉活力和柱头可授性动态变化规律,为进一步研究其有性繁殖提供基础资料.[方法]采用扫描电镜观察其花粉形态,染色及离体萌发法测定花粉活力,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定开花不同时段柱头可授性,并利用人工授粉验证传粉成功的最佳时期.[结果]膜苞鸢尾花粉形态近球形,属远极单沟-拟沟类型,花粉外壁表面零星分布有柱状颗粒;开花当天花粉活力最高,开花4h达到最高值,而柱头在开花前1d直至开花32 h均保持较强可授性.[结论]膜苞鸢尾花粉形态属较原始类型,雌性器官柱头先熟于花药,花粉活力与柱头可授期部分重叠,开花当天与次日为人工授粉最佳时期.