论“中国原材料出口限制措施案”中GATT1994第20条的可适用性

摘要

The Panel report on the case ＂China-Measures Related to the Exportation of Various Raw Materials＂ was published in July 2011.The Panel concluded that GATT XX couldn＇t be invoked for violations of the obligations contained in Paragraph 11.3 of China＇s Accession Protocol by analyzing the ordinary meaning of Paragraph 11.3,the related articles of China＇s Working Party Report and the WTO Agreement.Compared with prior cases,the Panel report contains more detailed analyses and more comprehensive consideration.However,there are still some issues to be questioned.Specially in the approach of treaty interpretation,the Panel overemphasized the textual meaning,and the interpretation of the ＂WTO-plus＂ obligation in the Protocol appears rather strict and mechanical.Chinese government should urge the Appellate Body to construe the Protocol in good faith,and consider the context,the object and purpose of the Protocol synthetically so as to achieve the secondary adjustment to the imbalanced rights and duties between the WTO members.%2011年7月,中国原材料出口限制措施案的专家组报告公布。专家组通过分析《加入议定书》第11.3条的字面意思、《工作组报告》和WTO协定中的有关条款,认定GATT第20条不能作为中国违反第11.3条的抗辩理由。相较之前的案件,本案专家组的分析更加细致,考虑更加全面,但仍存在令人质疑的问题,特别是在条约解释技巧方面,专家组过分强调字面解释,对《加入议定书》中的＂超WTO义务＂解释过于严苛、机械。中国政府应当据理力争,要求上诉机构以＂善意解释原则＂为指导,综合运用系统解释、目的和宗旨解释方法,对成员方间不平衡的权利义务关系进行二次校正。