中国民营企业对外直接投资区位选择研究--以温州民营企业为例

摘要

The world economy has shown a trend of integration since the 1990s. Rapid increase of FDI (foreign direct investment) is one of the main drivers and outcomes of this integration. China has also seen a surge of FDI in recent years. Among all the enterprises involved, Wenzhou’s private enterprises have shown remarkable vigor. As a result, the "Wenzhou Pattern", which is labeled "Going out Pattern" by the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC, is formed. Based on the global manufacturing network theory, this article establishes an analysis framework on the selection of locations of FDI of China’s private enterprises, which summarizes the main motives of FDI as: advantage extension, system utilization and advantage exploration. The result of empirical analysis on the FDI location of Wenzhou’s private enterprises shows that the factor of advantage expanding is none the less of great importance, the factor of system is not inconsiderable while the technical innovation resources, marketing channel and market information resources of advantage exploration factor is the most significant one.%　　自上世纪90年代后半期开始，世界经济呈现一体化整合的态势，全球和中国对外直接投资的规模不断扩大，温州民营企业对外直接投资也快速发展，被商务部称为“走出去”的“温州模式”。本文基于全球生产网络理论，建立了民营企业对外直接投资区位选择的优势拓展因素、制度利用因素和优势寻求因素的分析框架。通过温州民营企业对外直接投资区位选择的实证分析结果来看，优势拓展因素仍起到重要作用，优势寻求型的技术创新资源、市场营销渠道、市场信息资源是区位选择新的重要因素，但制度因素的作用也不可忽视。