不同施肥量对风沙土区枸杞生长的影响

摘要

In order to explore more reasonable fertilizing amount in Lycium chinense at aeolian sandy soil areas, based on applying conventional organic fertilizer, effects of different fertilizing amounts on fruit yield and quality in L. chinense and soil nutrient condition were studied through ifeld test, and effects of fertilization were compared. The results show that high amount of chemical fertilizer can effectively improve soil nutrient content in aeolian sandy soil, and especially accumulations of available nutrients were accelerated. With the increasing application amount of chemical fertilizers, organic matters contents in each soil layer do not show the trend of rising linearly, but available nutrients contents were signiifcantly accumulated and increased. So is salt content in soil, especially salt content in each soil layer has the trend of signiifcant accumulation under the condition of high application amount of fertilizers (T5). With the increasing application amount of chemical fertilizers, pH value of soil was decreased. Topdressing has signiifcant effects on current year fruit yield and characteristics in L. chinense. Transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter and fruit mass reach the highest values in the treatment of 750 g fertilizing amount, and yield reach the highest value (380.88 g) in the treatment of 450 g fertilizing amount. Therefore, combining organic base fertilizer with topdressing chemical fertilizer can efifciently improve soil available nutrients, and has great effects on promoting fruit yield and quality in L. chinense production of the season in the aeolian sandy soil areas of Ningxia. As far as topdressing amount of 3-year-old trees in aeolian sandy soil areas is concerned, applying 450-600 g chemical fertilizer has the best comprehensive effects on fruit yield and quality in L. chinense, and soil nutrient condition.%为了确定种植在风沙土区土壤中枸杞植株的合理施肥量，在施用常规有机肥的基础上，采用田间试验方法研究了不同化肥施用量对土壤养分状况和枸杞产量与品质的影响，对施肥效应进行了综合比较。结果显示，对沙土地施用高量化肥能有效提高土壤的养分含量，特别是速效养分的累积加快。随着化肥施用量的不断增加，各层级土壤中有机质变化未呈现出线性增加的趋势，但土壤中速效养分呈现出显著累积与提高的趋势。同时土壤中全盐含量也呈现出类似变化趋势，特别是在最高施肥量（T5）条件下，各层次土壤盐分均呈现出显著累积现象。随着化肥施用量的增加，土壤的pH值出现一定程度的下降。追施化肥对当年枸杞产量及果实特性具有显著影响。其中当单株施肥量达到750 g时，枸杞果粒的横纵径、果粒质量均达到最大值；单株施肥量为450 g时产量最高，达380.88 g。因此，在宁夏的风沙土区种植枸杞，在施用有机肥作为基肥的基础上追施化肥能有效改善土壤的速效养分状况，从而对当季枸杞生产与枸杞果实品质提升有重要影响。就对风沙土区3年生枸杞单株的追肥量而言，以施用450～600 g复合肥对土壤养分、枸杞产量与品质的综合效果最好。