美国旧金山湾滨海湿地保护与管理的经验及启示

摘要

With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the increasing intensity of coastal area development has led to sharp loss and degradation of coastal wetland. Over the past 30 years, the US government adopted wetland compensation policy to protect wetlands by introducing market mechanisms, strengthening the governmental supervision, encouraging public participation, implementing wetland compensation policy, and achieved the objective of “No Net Loss". The American experience in legislation process and policies for wetland protection provided examples for Chinese decision-makers and models of protection for China’s coastal wetland. The American experience in coastal wetland conservation and management, protection and management of migrating water birds, restoration of costal wetland and controlling of invasive species provided a valuable example for the protection and management of coastal wetland in China.%随着我国经济的高速发展，中国沿海地区开发力度不断加大，使得我国滨海湿地面积急速减少。近30年来，美国政府引进市场机制、加大政府监管力度、注重公众参与、采取湿地补偿政策，使美国湿地基本达到“无净损失”目标。美国湿地保护与恢复的立法过程及政策，值得我国决策者学习，也为我国滨海湿地保护提供了可借鉴的经验和模式。赴美考察团通过考察与学习美国滨海湿地保护与管理、迁徙水鸟保护与管理、滨海湿地恢复与入侵物种治理等方面的经验，为我国滨海湿地的保护与管理提供参考。