构建包含农村劳动力流动和城镇化冲击的城镇要素收入分配理论模型,分析城乡收入差距和城镇化对城镇居民收入不平等的影响,并采用中国省级面板数据进行实证检验,结果表明:城乡收入差距扩大加剧了城镇居民收入不平等,城镇化发展则有助于减轻城镇居民收入不平等;上述效应由于受到市场化程度和对外开放水平的调节而具有明显的地区差异,市场化程度和对外开放水平较低地区的城镇劳动需求弹性较小,城乡收入差距和城镇化对城镇居民收入不平等的影响也较大.因此,要降低城镇居民收入不平等,一方面,应努力缩小城乡收入差距并加快新型城镇化发展,减轻城镇就业压力;另一方面,应积极推动市场化进程和扩大对外开放,打破要素市场分割,使城镇非农部门的劳动需求更加富有弹性.%This paper analyzes the impact of urban-rural income disparity and urbanization on China's urban income inequality by urban factor income distribution theory model including rural labor run-off and urbanization shock, the results are empirically tested by Chinese provincial panel data. The results show that urban-rural income disparity reinforces urban income inequality, and urbanization can help to relieve urban income inequality, but their role has obvious regional differences. The reason is heterogeneous labor demand elasticity, the effect of urban-rural income disparity and urbanization on urban income inequality is more obvious in lower market level or foreign openness region for its less labor demand elasticity. In order to alleviate urban income inequality, on the one hand, we should narrow urban-rural income disparity and speed up the pace of urbanization to alleviate urban employment pressure, on the other hand, we should improve the marketization level, open wider to the outside world at the same time, so as to reduce factor markets segmentation, increase the labor demand elasticity of urban sector.
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