受教育程度与城镇居民收入不平等--基于基尼系数的分解研究

摘要

Based on the latest data of China General Social Survey 2008,this paper researches the relationship between education and in-come inequality of urban residents by decomposing gini coefficient. This paper finds that education inequality is the most important factor leading to urban residents’ income inequality using regression-based inequality decomposition. And after gini coefficient decomposition find that the contribution rate of income inequality between different groups to overall income inequality is 8.65%,and urban residents’ income inequality mainly comes from the inequality within groups. Income inequality within groups of the lower education level in western and central region is more than eastern region.The empirical study concludes that providing equal educational opportunity,reducing the inequality of edu-cation and increasing investment of compulsory education in western and central region can narrow the income gap effectively.%基于2008年中国综合社会调查的数据，本文运用基尼系数分解的方法研究城镇居民受教育程度对收入不平等的影响。基于回归的不平等分解研究发现受教育程度是导致城镇居民职业收入不平等的最主要因素。对基尼系数的亚组分解研究发现受教育程度不同的人群之间的收入不平等对总体收入不平等的贡献率为8.65%，城镇居民职业收入不平等主要表现为各个受教育程度人群内部的收入不平等。分地区来看，中西部地区受教育程度较低的人群其组内差距的贡献率要远高于东部地区。实证研究的结果表明，提供平等的受教育机会、缩小受教育程度的不平等、加大对中西部地区义务教育的投入可以有效缩小收入不平等。