A target management system of water environmental protection designed by a local government for a river basin was established in terms of four management components , including water quality control and water pollution prevention, water resources exploitation and protection , water environmental improvement and aquatic ecological restoration, and water environmental monitoring and investment management .The basic principles used to design the performance appraisal index system for water environmental protection are put forward , and the systematic design of the index system is described .On this basis, grading standards were developed , and a performance appraisal method based on goal congruence is proposed .In a case study of water environmental protection in the Huaihe Basin , water environmental protection performance appraisal was conducted in four provinces along the Huaihe River during the periods of the Tenth Five-Year Plan and the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, based on analysis of the status of water environmental protection in the four provinces .The results show that , during these periods , the water environment in the four provinces improved , and the rates of increase in the performance appraisal scores of Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui, and Shandong provinces were 27.38%, 19.79%, 11.25%, and 11.08%, respectively.%从水质控制与水污染防治、水资源开发利用与保护、水环境治理与水生态修复以及水环境监测与投资管理等4个维度，构建流域地方政府水环境保护目标管理体系，提出流域地方政府水环境保护绩效考评指标体系设计的基本原则，系统设计水环境保护绩效考评指标体系。在此基础上，制定指标评分标准，建立基于目标一致性的水环境保护绩效考评办法。并以淮河流域所辖区域的水环境保护为研究对象，在分析沿淮4省水环境保护现状基础上，对“十五”和“十一五”时期沿淮4省水环境保护绩效进行考评。结果表明，“十五”至“十一五”期间，沿淮4省的水环境综合治理效果均得到有效提高，各省水环境保护绩效考评结果的增长率变化顺序为江苏省、河南省、安徽省和山东省，分别增长了27.38％、19.79％、11.25％、11.08％。
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