Aimed at easing the water crisis, developing and utilizing the water resource appropriately, it is critical to quantify water resource from the space-time dimension, as well as analyze and mine the valuable knowledge and patterns in the datasets. As a free software with a wealth of statistical computing and data presentation capabilities, R has become a major data analysis, mining and graphical presentation tool for big data. Based on summarizing the characters of water resource data, and according to the analysis of statistics of water resources in different provinces from 1995 to 2011, it introduces how to utilize different methods to analyze water resources using R including hypothesis tests and trend analysis. Through graphical presentation, the results can show how the water resource varies with time in different areas or provinces, and quickly choose the best trend fitting mode for the business demand in the water conservancy domain.%缓解水资源危机，合理开发利用水资源，关键是从时空维度量化水资源，分析和挖掘出有价值的知识和规律。R是一种免费的软件，具有丰富的统计计算和图形展现等功能，已成为大数据分析、挖掘和展现的利器。在概述水资源数据特点的基础上，以1995—2011年全国各省份水资源统计数据集为例，介绍如何使用R对水资源数据进行分析，包括假设检验、趋势分析等。结果既能通过图形化方式清晰直观地看到不同地区、省份的空间维度下，水资源按时间的变化情况，也可以快速选择出最佳趋势拟合方式等，符合领域业务要求。
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