目前污水灌溉在干旱半干旱地区已得到广泛发展和应用，但其中过高浓度的氮磷元素对土壤和地下水也造成了一定的污染和危害。该文针对含高浓度氮磷元素的灌溉污水，设计了一种新型灌溉污水处理装置，该设计利用土壤的渗透及干湿交替原理、氮磷元素运移与转化规律，通过硝化反硝化反应、化学沉析作用与物理吸附作用等反应原理来降低灌溉用污水中的氮磷含量。同时，为验证新型污水处理装置的可靠性及净化效率，进行了数值模拟和物理试验。结果表明，该设计对污水中氮磷含量的去除具有明显效果，8 h内可将污水中氮含量降低至20％以下，磷含量更是达到10％以下；同时，性价比高、结构简单，为污水处理提供了一种新的借鉴方式。%Nowadays sewage irrigation has been widely development and application in arid and semi-arid areas,but the exorbitant concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus caused the certain harm and pollution to soil and groundwater. Thus a new type of sewage treatment unit is designed to reduce the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage. This unit uses principles of soil infiltration and wet-dry rotation,rules of nitrogen and phosphorus migration and transformation and reaction principles such as nitrification and denitrification reaction,chemical settling out effect and physisorption to reduce the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the irrigated sewage. Meanwhile,to test and verify the reliability and the purification efficiency of the new sewage treatment unit,numerical simulation and physical experiment has conducted. And the results show that the unit has an obvious effect on reducing the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage. The content of nitrogen in the wastewater can be reduced to below 20%,the phosphorus content less than 10% within 8 h. And the new type of sewage treatment unit has the advantage of high performance cost ratio,besides,the structure is simple and reliable,which could be used as a reference for the irrigated sewage treatment.
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