根据2006年拥挤收费政策试运行结束后的公民投票结果,2007年,斯德哥尔摩正式实施了该政策.讨论了其至2011年6月首个5年内的政策实施效果.结果表明,受到外部因素影响,由收费引起的交通减少量随时间推移稍有增加.2008年的清洁汽车免税措施可显著提高销售量.结合最新研究成果和瑞典的经验,讨论了公众接受度和政治接受度.得到的结论是:拥挤收费对交通系统的主客观影响,以及环境和政治态度,是公众支持拥挤收费的基础；同时,为了获得政治支持,必须要进行体制改革、解决权力问题.最后,简要讨论了拥挤收费的实施对瑞典交通规划进程的可能影响.%Congestion charges were introduced in Stockholm in 2006, first as a trial followed by a referendum, then permanently from 2007. This paper discusses what conclusions can be drawn from the first five years of operation, until mid-2011. We show that the traffic reduction caused by the charges has increased slightly over time, once external factors are controlled for. Alternative fuel vehicles were exempt from the charges through2008, and we show that this substantially increased the sales of such vehicles. We discuss public and political acceptability, synthesizing recent research and Swedish experience. We conclude that objective and subjective effects on the traffic system, as well as general environmental and political attitudes, formed the basis of the strong public support, while institutional reforms and resolution of power issues were necessary to gain political support. Finally, we briefly discuss implications for the transport planning process in general.
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