美日后大众阶段就学形态演进趋向探讨

摘要

In the post-massification period, there are obvious time differences in the higher education pattern tendency between America and Japan. The structural impact of America’s longitudinal extension is ahead of Japan nearly 20 years. The evolvement characteristics have mainly been seen as following:the universality of students, the extensibility of ages, the richness of types, the diversity of aims and the otherness of experience. America embodies these characteristics more fully than Japan. America and Japan share the same tendency in moving forward from credential society into learning society. The evolution is not a natural occurring, they result from various factors. The lifelong learning legislation plays an important part in leading, integrating and accelerating in both countries. At present, China has been entering into the post-massification stage. It is necessary for China to draw lessons from the level of legislation, policy, practice and so on, to combine the mass higher education, the improvement of lifelong education system and the construction of the learning society together and push them forward cooperatively.%在后大众阶段，美日两国高等教育就学形态的演进进程存在明显时差，美国“纵向延长”发生结构性影响的时间先于日本近二十年。两国的演进特征主要表现为：就学对象的广泛性、年龄的延伸性、类型的丰富性、目的的多样性、体验的差异性；美国显现得更为充分。从演进特征的意蕴来看，其演进趋向完全一致——由学历社会向学习型社会迈进。这种演进不是自然发生的，而是两国国内多种因素作用的结果，终身学习立法在两国都发挥了引领、统合、加速的作用。我国即将进入后大众阶段，有必要从中寻求借鉴，在立法、政策、实践等层面，将高等教育大众化与完善终身教育体系、建设学习型社会协同推进。