美国研究生助学金制度及其对我国的启示

摘要

建立健全研究生助学金制度是培养高端人才的必由之路。美国的研究生助学金制度体系完整、机制健全，其建立是为满足美国提高综合国力的现实需要，是改善研究生教育质量的关键要素，也是维系美国教育国际影响力的必然选择。美国研究生助学金管理制度具有规范化、公开化的特点，其征信、监督机制也较为完善，良好的管理保障了助学金申请和评定进展的有序开展，同时该制度重视对特殊群体研究生的资助。借鉴美国的经验，我国需要拓展研究生助学金来源的渠道，健全研究生助学金使用的监督机制，完善助学金资助体系和落实经费发放程序。%To establish a sound system of graduate assistantships is the inevitable way to cultivate top-level talent. American graduate grants system has a complete system and well-established mechanism. It was set up to meet the realistic needs of improving the comprehensive national strength for America, and it is a key to improve the quality of graduate education, and it's also an inevitable choice for sustaining the international influence for American education. American graduate grants system has the characteristics of standardization and openness, and it has a relatively perfect credit management system and supervision mechanism. They ensure the orderly processes of application and evaluation, and the system also attaches great importance to the graduate funding for special groups. Based on the experience of the United States, we need to expand the source channels for graduate funding, improve the supervision mechanism for the use of graduate grants, rationalize funding system and implement the procedure of fund distribution.