国外页岩层系石油勘探开发进展及启示

摘要

国外页岩层系石油勘探取得重大进展, 美国已进入大规模开发阶段, 加拿大、 阿根廷、 俄罗斯也获得突破, 并显示出良好的勘探前景. 详细调研了国外6个重点区带页岩层系石油勘探开发成果资料, 总结出国外页岩层系石油勘探选区、 勘探步骤和发展趋势; 重点解剖了美国Eagle Ford (鹰滩) 区带和Bakken (巴肯) 区带, 筛选出页岩油勘探 "甜点" 区优选的8个指标和致密油 "甜点" 区优选的4个指标; 分析国内外页岩层系在形成环境、 矿物组成、 储层物性、 地层压力等方面的差异性,借鉴国外成功的勘探经验, 对国内页岩层系石油勘探提出宏观建议. 指出富有机质页岩发育条件、 微观储集空间评价、 微观孔喉内流体赋存状态、 可动孔隙下限与可采资源量评价、 "甜点" 区地质工程一体化预测、 新型压裂工艺及压裂对环境的影响等是中国页岩层系石油勘探的研究方向.%Great progress has been made in shale oil exploration overseas. The United States has entered into large-scale development of shale oil. Canada, Argentina and Russia also made breakthroughs and showed great exploration potential. We collected and investigated six hot-spots play of these countries, summarized the exploration procedures and growth trend, mainly analyzed the Eagle Ford and the Bakken Play, and pointed out eight indicators for shale oil exploration and four indicators for tight oil sweet spot scanning. Comparing to foreign countries, China has different sedimentary environ-ment, mineral components, reservoir properties and geologic stressin shale plays. Drawing lessons from foreign successful exploration experience, we gave some strategic suggestions to the exploration of shale plays in China. We also pointed out that the development conditions of organic rich shale, micro reservoir apprisement, oil occurrence in micro-pore systems, effective flow pore diameters and recovery resource appraisal, sweet spot prediction methods integration of geology and engi-neering, novel fracture techniques and environmental impact of fracture were the research direction of China in the future.