针对传统近海环境监测无线传感器网络（ WSNs）节点存在开发成本高、可扩展性差、通信距离短等不足，提出了一种基于开源Arduino软硬件平台，设计近海环境监测WSNs节点的方法。方法依据近海环境监测的实际需求，首先对传感器节点的微控制板进行了选型与定制，并给出了节点总的功能模块设计框架；然后对节点软硬件设计中涉及的节点供电优化、多种通信机制的融合、长距离通信等关键问题提出了相应的解决方案。实际应用结果表明：设计的节点所构建的WSNs，能实现连续实时采集监测区域的多种环境要素，并将数据稳定可靠地上传至服务器，传感器网相邻节点的通信距离可长达1000 m以上。所设计的WSNs节点具有开发成本低、接口丰富、可扩展性强、组网简单等特点，节点除满足近海环境监测实时获取数据的功能需求外，还可以应用到淡水的实时环境监测，具有较好的应用前景。%Traditional coastal environment monitoring with wireless sensor networks( WSNs)node disadvantage of high-cost,short of expandability,short-distance communication,a design method of WSNs node for coastal environment monitoring based on open Arduino platform is proposed. The method meets the coastal environment monitoring requirements,firstly,selection and customization are carried out on micro control plate of sensor node, as well as the design framework of node function module;then solutions to some key problems in the hardware and software design of sensor node,such as,optimization of power supply,fusion of multiple communication mechanism and long distance communication are given respectively. Practical application result shows that the WSNs constructed by designed node can real time and continuously collect environment in monitoring area,upload to server reliably,communication distance between two adjacent nodes can reach 1000m at most. The designed WSNs node functioned well with low cost of development,rich interfaces,strong scalability,concenient networking,the sensor node not only satisfies real time acquisition requirement of data acquiring of coastal environment observation,but also apply to real time environment monitoring of freshwater,it has a wide application prospect.
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