硝酸浸出铁矿废渣磷灰石中铈、镧、钕稀土元素的工艺参数优化及其动力学

摘要

The leaching of rare earth elements (REEs) including cerium, lanthanum and neodymium from apatite concentrate obtained from iron ore wastes by nitric acid was studied. The effects of nitric acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio and leaching time on the recoveries of Ce, La and Nd were investigated using response surface methodology. The results showed that the acid concentration and solid to liquid ratio have significant effect on the leaching recoveries while the time has a little effect. The maximum REE leaching recoveries of 66.1%, 56.8% and 51.7% for Ce, La and Nd, respectively were achieved at the optimum leaching condition with 18% nitric acid concentration, 0.06 solid to liquid ratio and 38 min leaching time. The kinetics of cerium leaching was investigated using shrinking core model. It was observed that the leaching is composed of two stages. In the first stage a sharp increase in cerium leaching recovery was observed and at the longer time the leaching became slower. It was found that in the first stage the diffusion of reactants from ash layer is the rate controlling mechanism with an apparent activation energy of 6.54 kJ/mol, while in the second stage the mass transfer in the solution is the controlling mechanism.%采用硝酸浸出铁矿废渣磷灰石中的铈、镧、钕稀土元素,应用响应面方法对硝酸浓度、液固比和浸出时间对稀土元素浸出率的影响进行了研究.结果表明,硝酸浓度和液固比对稀土浸出率的影响较大,而浸出时间的影响较小.在浸出条件为硝酸浓度18%、液固比0.06和浸出时间38 min的情况下,可得到最大的铈、镧、钕稀土元素浸出率,其分别为66.1%、56.8%、517.%.采用收缩核模型对铈的浸出动力学进行研究.结果发现,浸出过程由两个阶段组成,在第一阶段,铈的浸出率随时间增长快速增加;随时间的延长,浸出率增长逐渐变慢.在第一阶段,反应受灰分层内扩散控制,反应的表观活化能为6.54 kJ/mol;在第二阶段,溶液中的质量传递为反应控制步骤.