气吸式纸夹定位水稻精密育秧设备的研制

摘要

The agronomy experimental results indicate that sowing quantity and seedling quality are the main restricting factors for good quality and high yield of rice. An important measure for increasing rice yield is to apply the advanced precision seeding technology to cultivate high quality rice seedlings. To solve the problem of rice nursing seedlings in greenhouse, such as high investment at a time, and difficulty in getting vegetation soil for seedling tray as well as too much details in raising seedlings etc., after having analyzed the existing technology and equipment for rice precision seeding of tray nursing seedlings both at home and abroad, authors put forward a method of raising seedlings fitting for no tray precision seeding based on the agronomic requirements. The seeds were hold, positioned and enclosed in paper. The suction precision seeding device for nursing rice seedling was developed, in which the seeds were positioned and fixed with paper precisely. The experimental results indicate that the rate of single-seed each hole was more than 80%, and the qualified index (1-2 seeds each hole) is over 95%. The rate of multiple-seed( ≥3 seeds each hole) was less than 4%. The qualified seed-space was over 90%, and the enclosing performance of the paper band for fixing seed is reliable, and seedlings are stocky and have strong rooting ability after being transplanted.%大量农艺试验表明:播种量和秧苗素质是影响水稻优质高产的主要制约因素,应用先进的精密播种技术培育均质壮秧是增加水稻单产的一个重要途径.针对现有水稻工厂化育秧方式一次性投资大,秧盘土采集困难和育秧过程繁琐等问题,在分析国内外水稻秧盘育秧精密播种技术与装备的基础上,根据水稻育秧的农艺要求,提出了应用纸介夹持定位封种的一种新的水稻无秧盘育秧精播方法,设计出气吸式纸夹定位水稻精密育秧设备并进行育秧试验.试验结果为单粒率达80%以上,合格指数(每穴1～2粒种子)超过95%,重播率(每穴3粒以上种子)小于4%,粒距合格率大于90%,纸介种带封固基本可靠,培育秧苗矮壮,栽插后发根能力强.