In order to analyze the distribution of soil pressure on dump truck cargo body, based on the sliding plane hypothesis of coulumb earth pressure theory, the calculation formulas of active soil pressure acting on each plate of cargo body were deduced by using the thin layer element method, considering the complicated circumstances that the soil material was soil with cohesion and friction angle, the frictional and adhesive forces existed between soil material and cargo body and road slope. The distribution of soil pressure acting on each plate of cargo body was analyzed when cargo body was loaded sand and clay. The results indicated soil pressure acting on the rear plate and side plates had nonlinear variation, while on the front and the rear part of the bottom plate had linear variation. The soil pressure acting on the middle part of bottom plate was unchanged. The soil pressure on rear and bottom plates when vehicles ran on a road with 30% slope was both greater than flat road, while the soil pressure of side plate changed a little. The value of soil pressure on the rear plate was obviously greater than that was calculated by classical Rankine. When the truck was loaded dry coarse sand, dry fine sand, wet coarse sand, wet fine sand, the value of soil pressure increased by 255%, 174%, 310% and 255%. When the truck was loaded wet clay and medium clay, the value of soil pressure increased by 11% and 107%o The deduced calculation formula of active soil pressure acting on each plate of cargo body will provide scientific reference for structure design and performance analysis of dump truck.%为研究自卸汽车车箱土压力的分布特性,基于库仑理论的平面滑裂面假设,综合考虑土料的内聚力和内摩擦角、土料与车箱板面的摩擦力和粘附力、路面坡度等复杂情况,采用薄层单元法,导出了作用于车箱各板的主动土压力计算公式.针对车箱装载砂土和黏土,研究了作用于车箱各板的土压力分布特性.结果表明,车箱后板和侧板土压力均为非线性变化,车箱底板靠近前板和后板两端的土压力为线性变化,中部的土压力大小不变；车辆行驶在30％坡度路面时,车箱后板和底板的土压力均大于行驶在无坡度路面的土压力,而侧板土压力变化不大；车箱后板土压力数值明显大于按经典朗肯理论计算的土压力数值,干粗砂、干细砂、湿粗砂、湿细砂分别增大255％、174％、310％、255％,湿黏土、中等黏土分别增大11％、107％.导出的车箱各板的主动土压力计算公式,为自卸汽车车箱结构设计与性能分析提供了参考.
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