基于地理空间适宜性指数自相关的农村居民点整理分区

摘要

As an important way, rural residential land consolidation is needed seriously to raise the level of construction land saving and intensive use, to increase the effective area of cultivated land and to achieve the requisition-compensation balance of cultivated land. Consolidation zoning is scientifically and orderly conducive to rural residential land consolidation. Based on geographical spatial properties, in order to study differentiated consolidation directions and modes for regional rural residential land and improve consolidation efficiency, this paper took Beiyuan region of Linxia County in central Gansu Province as an example, administrative village as the study unit and rural residential land as the study object. An evaluation index system based on geographical spatial suitability of rural residential land consolidation was constructed from 4 aspects including geographical environment, spatial location, spatial distribution and spatial pattern based on literature analysis. The comprehensive value of geographical spatial suitability of the rural residential land consolidation was obtained by weighting sum of the standardized values of each selected factors. The comprehensive values were analyzed by using spatial autocorrelation analysis method to get spatial aggregation of geographical spatial suitability degree of the rural residential land consolidation. Differentiated consolidation directions and modes were proposed according to consolidation zoning achieved through combining the spatial aggregation and excessive consolidation area of administrative villages. The results showed that geographical spatial suitability values of rural residential land in Beiyuan Region were from 32.093 to 85.226. There were large differences among administrative villages in different regions and the evaluation index system could reflect the differences of geographical spatial properties of rural residential land in Beiyuan region. The global Moran's index of suitability was 0.66, the confidence level was higher than 99% (extremely significant at 0.01 level) and the geographical spatial suitability degree of the rural settlements consolidation showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation among administrative villages in Beiyuan region. The LISA showed that only significant high-high and low-low aggregation characteristics existed, which consisted with the result of global spatial autocorrelation analysis. It indicated that geographical spatial suitability values of rural residential land changed uniformly and high-low or low-high anomaly characteristics did not exist. The rural residential land in Beiyuan region was divided into 4 types of zoning, including preferential consolidation area, secondary consolidation area, merged consolidation area and selective consolidation area, and rural residential land areas of each zoning respectively were 350.16, 633.59, 320.64 and 531.84 hm2. Zoning results contained spatial aggregation characteristics, so rural residential land consolidation could generate scale effect to reduce consolidation cost and improve consolidation benefits. Zoning through overlaying LISA aggregation map and hierarchical map of standard excess area could distinguish the differences of the suitability and benefits of rural residential land consolidation in different regions. This paper can provide valuable information for practice activities of the rural residential land consolidation to improve the consolidation efficiency and benefits, and it can also provide a new feasible thought and method for study on rural residential land consolidation zoning.%农村居民点整理是提高建设用地节约集约利用水平的重要手段，为研究基于地理空间属性的区域农村居民点差异化整理方向和模式，提高整理效率，该文以甘肃省临夏县北塬地区为例，从农村居民点地理环境、空间区位、空间分布和空间形态4个方面构建居民点整理地理空间适宜性评价指标体系，通过对各指标标准化值加权求和并进行空间自相关分析，获取适宜性程度的空间聚集特征并结合各行政村超标可整理面积进行农村居民点整理分区，针对不同分区特征提出差异化的整理方向和模式。结果表明：1）地理空间适宜性值为32.093～85.226，空间分异明显，指标体系可较好地反映区域农村居民点地理空间属性差异；2）全局Moran指数为0.66，在0.01显著水平上极显著，呈显著正空间自相关性，LISA 图显示只存在显著高高、低低聚集，与全局分析一致；3）分区划为优先整理区、次级整理区、并点整理区和选择性整理区，包含空间聚集特征，可较好地识别居民点整理适宜性和整理效益差异。研究可为农村居民点整理实践作参考，为农村居民点整理分区研究提供新的思路和方法。