为了研究土壤水分胁迫对设施甜椒结果期叶面积扩展及果实发育动态的影响,以品种"凯瑟琳"(Catherine)为试材,于2016年在南京信息工程大学Venlo型玻璃温室内对甜椒植株进行全生育期土壤水分胁迫试验,设置正常灌溉CK(田间持水率的70%~80%)、轻度胁迫(田间持水率的60%~70%)、中度胁迫(田间持水率的50%~60%)、重度胁迫(田间持水率的40%~50%)4个土壤水分处理,采用土壤水分传感器EM50监测土壤含水率,于结果期测定甜椒单叶叶面积扩展动态、果实发育动态和产量.结果表明:1)甜椒植株叶片和果实发育均经历了缓慢生长、线性生长和稳定生长3个阶段.随水分胁迫程度的加剧,叶面积和果径明显减小,重度胁迫处理的单叶叶面积、果实横径、果实纵径的最大值分别比CK显著减小57.48%、38.83%、52.85%(P<0.05).2)水分胁迫降低了甜椒叶片、果径的最大生长速率,且叶片和果实的生长速率峰值出现时间随土壤水分胁迫程度的加剧而明显提前,轻度胁迫下的果径生长速率和叶片相对扩展速率均在果实或叶片发育的后期高于其他处理,但差异并不显著(P>0.05).3)水分胁迫延长了叶片和果实横径的迅速生长时间,轻度、中度和重度胁迫下的叶片迅速生长时间分别比CK延迟1.18 d、1.18 d、1.46 d(P<0.05).4)中度和重度水分胁迫显著降低了甜椒单株果实数、平均单果质量和产量(P<0.05),但轻度胁迫下单株果实数较CK增加了23.61%,且产量与CK无显著差异(P>0.05).研究认为土壤水分胁迫致使甜椒叶面积和果径减小,但轻度水分胁迫能够锻炼甜椒对干旱逆境的耐受性,有利于叶片及果实的后期发育和果实数量的增加.研究结果为设施甜椒环境优化控制提供参考.%TakingCatherine that was one variety ofCapsicum annuum L. as test materials, the experiment with 4 soil moisture contents was conducted to investigate the effect of different soil water on the expansion of leaf area and the fruit dynamic development of greenhouse sweet pepper in Venlo greenhouse of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology in 2016. The 4 treatments in the experiment included field water holding capacity of 70%-80% (CK), 60%-70% (light stress), 50%-60% (moderate stress) and 40%-50% (severe stress). Soil water sensor EM50 was used to monitor soil water content. The leaf area expansion dynamics, the fruit development dynamics and the yield of sweet pepper were determined in fruiting period. The results showed that: 1) Leaf and fruit development of sweet pepper experienced 3 stages including slow growth, linear scale growth and stable constant growth stage. With the increase of the water stress, the leaf area and fruit diameter were evidently reduced. Compared with CK, the maximum leaf area, fruit equatorial diameter and longitudinal diameter under severe stress treatment were reduced by 57.48%, 38.83% and 52.85% (P<0.05), respectively. 2) Soil water stress reduced the maximum growth rate of leaf and the fruit diameter of sweet pepper. The maximum of leaf and the fruit growth rate appeared obviously earlier with the increase of soil water stress. The growth rate of fruit equatorial diameter, the growth rate of fruit longitudinal diameter and the leaf relative expansion rate in the late development stage of leave or fruit under light stress were higher than other treatments, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). 3) Soil water stress prolonged the rapid growth time of leaf and fruit equatorial diameter significantly. Compared with CK, the leaf rapid growth time under light stress, moderate stress and severe stress delayed by 1.18, 1.18 and 1.46 d (P<0.05), respectively. 4) The total number of fruit per plant, the mean fresh weight of individual fruit per plant and the yield per plant were significantly reduced under moderate and severe stress (P<0.05), but the fruit number per plant increased by 23.61% compared with CK under light stress, and the yield was not significantly different from CK (P>0.05). This study indicated that soil water stress decreased the leaf area and the fruit diameter, but light water stress treatment could improve the tolerance to drought stress, promote the late development of leaves or fruits and increase the fruit number of greenhouse sweet peppers. The results provide a reference for the optimal control of the greenhouse sweet pepper environment.
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