寒冷地区的风力机叶片覆冰造成机组停机、安全事故等问题,一直困扰着风电行业的发展.针对三维风力机运行中遇到的过冷却水滴撞击问题,采用拉格朗日法数值模拟了不同环境条件和运行工况下的水滴撞击特性,并在人工气候室内对小型水平轴风力机进行了覆冰试验.数值计算结果表明:水滴碰撞区域主要集中在叶片前缘,沿叶展方向碰撞系数以及碰撞极限均增大;碰撞系数和碰撞区域随着水滴中值直径的增大而增大;风机转速下降或风速上升都会造成水滴的撞击区域整体向压力面移动.数值计算模拟的雾凇冰形与人工覆冰试验结果有较好的一致性.%Iced wind turbine often suffers from shutdown and security issues, which limits the development of wind power industry. A numerical study of droplet impingement on 3-D rotating blade was carried out by Lagrange method. The performance of droplets under various environmental and operating conditions was studied and verified in the artificial icing tests. Numerical results show that the collision region mainly accumulates at the leading edge and the tip of the blade, and the collision area also increases at the tip. Collision efficiency increases and collision area expands with the increase of media volume diameter. Lower rotating speed or higher wind speed will cause the collision region moving to pressure side of the blade. The numerical simulation shows good consistency with the icing test under rime ice condition.
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