Based on the precipitation data from intensive regional automatic weather stations and data from 6 new generation weather radars in Henan from May to September during 2010-2011, error distribution of the Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) and Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF) from SWAN in severe short-range precipitation in Henan are analyzed by point to point statistical test methods, and then the differences between QPE and QPF in the regional and local precipitation processes and direct cause to produce error are dis-cussed. The results show the following. (1) Both QPE and QPF perform well for rainfall less than 10 mm·h-1. QPE performs best in south-western and northern Henan, while QPF performs best in central Henan. The estimation of QPE is typically greater than the observation. QPF is slightly larger than the observation when the hourly rainfall is less than 20 mm, but it is less than the observation for heavier precipitation, especially in western and southern Henan. (2) Both QPE and QPF perform better in regional precipitation than in local precipitation. (3) In re-gional precipitation, QPE performs well in estimation of both the range and location of the precipitation center, and the estimation of QPE is slightly greater than the observation. QPF shows a slight deviation to predict the position of precipitation center and shows a smaller central intensity than observation.% 采用2010—2011年5—9月河南省区域加密自动站雨量和全省6部新一代天气雷达资料，用点对点统计检验评分方法，分析SWAN系统中定量降水估测(QPE)和定量降水预报(QPF)产品在河南省短时强降水过程中的误差分布，并分别讨论二者在河南省区域与局地强降水过程中的差别及产生误差的直观原因。结果表明：1) SWAN中QPE和QPF均对小时雨量低于10 mm的降水有较好的估测和预报能力；QPE以豫西南和豫北效果最好，QPF在豫中地区预报能力更强。QPE估测较实况偏大；QPF对小时雨量低于20 mm的短时强降水预报略偏大，而对更强降水预报偏小，尤以豫西和豫南最明显。2) QPE和QPF均对区域性降水有更好的估测或预报能力。3)区域降水过程中，QPE对降水中心范围和位置估测较准确，估测值较实况偏大；QPF对强降水中心位置预报略有偏差，其中心强度较实况偏弱。
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