烤烟部分矿质营养元素含量状况及其与评吸质量的关系

摘要

To investigate the contents, annual variation and regional difference of mineral nutrient elements in flue-cured tobacco and the relationships with cigarette smoke sensory quality indexes, 821 tobacco leaves samples (C3F) were collected from main tobacco planting areas in China from 2011 to 2015. The mineral nutrient elements including N, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni in the samples were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) From 2011 to 2015, the N content in the samples was generally suitable; K and Cl contents presented great regional differences. Mg and Mn contents were relatively low in leaves from some areas, and Zn content was low in most samples. By planting areas, Cl and Zn contents were lower in leaves from some areas in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the K and Zn contents in leaves from Huanghuai and North tobacco planting areas should be increased properly. 2) From 2011 to 2015, the annual variations in contents of the 10 mineral elements were different in different years. By comparing with the published data, it was discovered that N, K and Mn contents were increased, Ca and Cu contents were decreased, and Mg, Cl and Fe contents in flue-cured tobacco did not change obviously within recent 30 years in China. 3) Ca, Ni and Cu contents negatively correlated to smoke sensory quality to a certain extent, and the order of gray correlation between 10 mineral elements and sensory quality was N>K>Ca>Mg>Fe>Zn>Ni>Mn>Cl>Cu.%为摸清我国烤烟主要营养元素含量状况、年际间变化趋势、不同烟草种植区之间的差异以及与评吸质量指标之间的关系,采集了主产烟区2011—2015年821个烤烟C3F烟叶样品,分析了N、K、Ca、Mg、Cl、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu和Ni等10种矿质营养元素.结果表明:①2011—2015年我国烟叶N含量总体适宜,K、Cl含量产区间差异较大,部分地区烟叶Mg和Mn含量偏低,Zn含量整体偏低;从不同产区来看,长江中上游部分产区Cl和Zn含量偏低,黄淮烟区和北方烟区应提高K含量并适当提高Zn含量.②2011—2015年烟叶分析结果显示,10种矿质营养元素含量年际间变化趋势存在差异;通过与已有资料对比,发现近30年来,我国烟叶N、K、Mn含量呈上升趋势,Ca和Cu含量呈下降趋势,而Mg、Cl和Fe含量变化不大.③烤烟中10种矿质营养元素,Ca、Ni、Cu与评吸质量之间存在一定程度的负相关;10种矿质营养元素与评吸质量的灰色关联度排序依次为N>K>Ca>Mg>Fe>Zn>Ni>Mn>Cl>Cu.