甲烷作为一种短寿命的温室气体具有强势、快速增温效应.随着能源转型, 天然气生产和消费量不断增加, 甲烷排放的气候效应日益受到国际社会的关注.美国在奥巴马政府期间建立起了温室气体管控机制, 出台了针对油气行业甲烷排放的联邦法规, 并与其他国家一起承诺减排目标.油气生产的主要州也在推动相关法规建设.尽管新一届政府试图削弱联邦层面的甲烷减排力度, 但美国甲烷控制的主要相关经验, 如建立监管框架、加强科学数据基础、参与国际协作的经验值得借鉴.多家国际油气企业也采取积极行动, 成为政府之外的重要自愿减排力量.基于美国经验, 就提高甲烷减排意识、改善科学数据基础、建立综合管制框架、鼓励自愿行动和多方参与等方面做了简介, 以期对中国的油气行业甲烷减排行动能有所帮助.%Methane ( CH4) , a major component of natural gas, is a potent greenhouse gas with rapid warming effects. The climate implications of increased natural gas usage have raised concerns among the international community. During the Obama administration, the U. S. adopted federal regulations to prevent and control methane emissions from the oil and gas industry, a major source of methane pollution, and committed to methane emissions reduction targets and international collaboration. Major oil and gas producing states are also advancing methane regulations on the state level. Although the current U. S. government is attempting to weaken federal methane regulations, experience from the U. S. on establishing a comprehensive oil and gas methane regulatory framework, building a strong science foundation and international partnership could be of great reference value for China. Furthermore, many U. S. and international oil and gas companies are implementing voluntary methane emissions reduction initiatives and becoming an important market force in combating climate change. Drawing mainly from the U. S. experience, this paper presents a general overview of the progress in the above-mentioned areas and hopes to provide some key insights to further China's methane emissions reduction efforts in the oil and gas industry.
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