幻听、灵听与偶听——试论叙事中三类不确定的听觉感知

摘要

Auditory hallucination, psychic hearing and overhearing in narrative works originate from the uncertainty of auditory perception.These three types of uncertain"hearing"stand opposite to authenticity, possibility and integrity respectively: the inauthenticity of auditory hallucination lies in the falsehood of information;the impossibility of psychic hearing is due to the highly incredible channels of communication;the unintegrity of overhearing stems from the fragmentation of information.As far as the degree of uncertainty is concerned, auditory hallucination exceeds psychic hearing while psychic hearing surpasses overhearing.Uncertain perception will lead to uncertain expression, but the blurred and dreamy auditory events can often enrich the connotations of a text so as to stretch the readers'imagination and provide more food for their thought.Moreover, uncertain"hearing"of this kind can also provide motivation for the beginning, development and turn of a story as well as add finishing touches to highlight the characters and the theme of a story.Analyzing and differentiating auditory hallucination, psychic hearing and overhearing systematically will help us better appreciate the richness and subtlety of the story-telling art.%叙事作品中的幻听、灵听和偶听源于听觉感知的不确定性,这三类不确定的"听"分别处在真实性、可能性与完整性的对立面上:幻听的不真实在于信息内容的虚假;灵听的不可能是由于信息交流的渠道过于离奇;偶听的不完整缘于信息的碎片化.就不确定的程度而言,幻听甚于灵听,而灵听又甚于偶听.感知的不确定必定造成表达的不确定,但迷离恍惚的听觉事件往往能使文本内涵变得更加摇曳多姿,带给读者更大的想象空间和更多的咀嚼意趣.不仅如此,这类不确定的"听"还能为故事的始发、展开和转向提供动力,对人物性格的凸显与作品题旨的彰明,亦有画龙点睛般的贡献.对幻听、灵听和偶听进行系统的梳理辨析,有助于更深刻地认识讲故事艺术的丰富与微妙.