国际石油运输“咽喉”海峡溢油应急反应合作机制研究

摘要

As the developing strategic energy for countries in the world, Oil is the world’ s largest class of shipping goods.With countries around the world seeking the economic development, in recent years, there is a trend of the proportion of maritime oil transportation has increased and the traffic volume has multiplied gradually.On this basis, tankers are developing into a trend of larger-scale and volume, calling higher degree of the depth of water in channel and evacuation requirement.With the space of the channel itself couldn’ t change, when large number and huge volume oil tankers transporting through the channel, the possibility of oil spilling accident would increase.This article aimed at drawing lessons from modes of international mature marine environmental pollution emergency response cooperation mechanism and the existing relative international conventions on the oil spilling to build the oil spilling emergency response cooperation mechanism in the international transporting “throat” channel, which ensures that the channel unobstructed and make world’ s oil trade routes operating normally.%石油作为国家发展的战略能源，是世界最大的海运货类。随着各国谋求经济发展，石油海上运输呈比例逐渐增大、运量逐渐增加的趋势。在此基础上，油轮在吨位和体积上向大型化趋势发展，对航道的水深以及疏散程度的要求提高。而海峡其本身空间相对不变，在数量多、体积大的油轮通过时，突发性溢油事件发生的可能性增大。本文旨通过借鉴国际上成熟的海洋环境污染应急合作机制的构建模式以及现有的溢油相关国际公约，构建国际石油运输“咽喉”海峡的溢油应急反应合作机制，确保海峡的畅通无阻，使世界石油贸易航线能够正常运行。