市场·契约·法律--对清中期乡村租佃的另一种思考

摘要

In the rural society of Mid-Qing, tenancy market was forming , but the contract and the legal became institutional obstacles to the development of market.Tenancy contract was lack of certainty which could not regulate the market and intensified market disorder .Also, law could not effectively regulate the disputation.Therefore, contract and law could not make the transition from disorder to order of tenancy market, blocking the development of agriculture.%租佃是实现土地与劳动力有效结合的重要农业生产方式。清中期乡村社会中，租佃市场正在形成与发育，但契约与法律构成了租佃市场进一步发展的制度性障碍。租佃契约内容缺乏确定性，不但无法规范双方权利义务，反而与信息不对称等市场缺陷相叠加，加剧市场争诉。而且租佃法律形式分散，内容亦不完备，无法有效规制市场争诉与无序。这无法使租佃市场从无序转型为有序，不能推动市场成长与农业发展。