Objective The reasons of differences and similarities and male, female main death causes of death reasonable allocation of health resources, the prevention and control policy, the protection of people's health, disease and related risk factors of key research foundation. Methods Use of Wangyi District in Tongchuan city during 2007-2011 disease surveillance point of death monitoring system data and Statistics Department of the population data, all death causes were classified according to ICD-10 coding manual, retrospective studies were the death of Wangyi Tongchuan City area residents. Results Male mortality in Wangyi district residents in Tongchuan city in 2007-2011 were higher than the female, with statistical significance (P<0.01). In 5 years the residents of the district and the first 4 death were cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neoplasms, accident injury, respiratory system diseases. Conclusion Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neoplasms, accident injury, respiratory system diseases are the leading causes of death of Wangyi District of Tongchuan city residents, suggestions according to these causes of death, effective intervention measures to implement the population comprehensive system related diseases, reduce the mortality, improve the healthy life expectancy residents% 目的了解居民死亡原因和男、女主要死亡原因的异同，为合理配置卫生资源，制定防治政策，保护人民健康，研究重点疾病与相关危险因素奠定基础。方法利用2007年—2011年铜川市王益区疾病监测点死因监测系统数据和统计部门提供的人口资料，根据 ICD-10编码手册进行根本死因分类，对铜川市王益区居民死亡情况进行回顾性调查。结果2007年—2011年铜川市王益区居民男性死亡率均高于女性，5年内该区居民死因顺位前4位分别为心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、意外伤害、呼吸系统疾病。结论心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、意外伤害、呼吸系统疾病是导致铜川市王益区居民死亡的主要原因，建议针对这些死亡原因，全面系统地实施人群相关疾病的有效干预措施，降低其死亡率，提高居民的健康期望寿命。
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