服务创新轨道概念初探：兼评技术轨道的适用性

摘要

基于对技术轨道理论的评述,从服务自身的特性出发,对服务创新轨道的概念进行归纳分析,阐释服务创新轨道的内涵、特性,比较服务创新轨道与技术创新轨道的异同。结果显示：第一,解决因服务特性而产生的问题,是形成服务创新轨道的根本基础,这内在规定了服务创新活动的方向和路径;第二,市场、科技和制度环境等外部规定性要素,以及企业的战略和知识基础等,也对服务创新轨道的形成产生重要影响;第三,服务创新轨道的概念更为宽泛,与具有严格内在技术规定性的制造业技术轨道相比,服务创新轨道具有多样性、非排斥性、弱连续性等特性;第四,技术轨道理论只在一定程度上适用于服务创新,技术轨道是服务创新的一种可选轨道。%This paper studies the concept of service innovation trajectory based on the discussion of technological trajectory theory and the anal ysis on the features of service activities. Four main findings are listed. The first is that,innovation trajectory in services is a type of problem-sol; ving trajectory whieh originated from the traits of services activities. The second is that,in addition to service traits, external faetors such as market,institution and science ~ technology,and firm factors such as strategy and knowledge base, would also influence innovation trajectory in services. The third is that, relative to technological trajectory, service innovation trajectory shows some specific characteristics such as weak ac~ cumulation,non-exclusion of other trajectories and diversity. The last is that,technological trajectory is applicable to service innovation activities to a certain degree. It tries to contribute to the catching-up process of services in latecomers and also contribute to the development of innovation trajectory theory.