原油流动性改进方法研究现状

摘要

针对原油在开采、集输等环节易产生结蜡、高凝点、高黏度、流动性差、流动阻力大等问题,综述了改进原油流动性的方法.原油流动性改进方法主要包括热处理法、掺稀油法、乳化降黏法、添加原油流动性改进剂、原油热催化降解改质、微生物法.总结了目前原油流动性改进方法的机理、优点以及存在的问题,展望了原油流动性改进方法的应用前景.%Aiming at the problems of wax deposition, high pour point, high viscosity, poor fluidity and large flow resistance in crude oil production, gathering and transportation, the methods of improving crude oil fluidity were reviewed. The improvement methods of crude oil fluidity included heat treatment method, thin oil method, emulsifying viscosity reduction method, adding crude oil mobility improver, crude oil thermal catalytic degradation and modification, and microbial method. In order to promote the development of technology in this field, the mechanism, advantages and existing problems of the improvement method of crude oil liquidity were summarized. The application prospect of the improved method of crude oil liquidity was prospected.