木质纤维原料制备燃料丁醇的研究进展

摘要

Butanol attracts more and more attention as a new type of bio-fuel, and it was biosynthesized by Clostridia spp in the acetone/butanol/ethanol process of anaerobic fermentation, which could reduce the dependency on limited petroleum resources. However, using molasses or corn as the raw material in butanol production makes the cost of raw material in butanol fermentation higher, which is not conducive to the production of butanol in the future. Lignocellulose is a cheap and abundant renewable resource in the nature, therefore, using renewable biomass as substrate is an attractive proposition for butanol production process. In this paper, the methods of pretreatment were presented. Furthermore, this paper mainly summarized the progress of strain breeding from lignocellulose for butanol production and technical progress of ABE fermentation process at home and abroad in recent years. Finally, the possible solutions were put forward, so as to provide some reference for butanol production from lignocellulose.%丁醇作为一种重要的且具有极大潜力的新型生物燃料受到广泛重视。生物发酵法制备丁醇是通过产溶剂梭菌的厌氧发酵合成，即传统的丙酮-丁醇-乙醇(ABE)发酵，其可以降低对有限石油资源的消耗和依赖；而以玉米、糖蜜等淀粉质和糖质为原料发酵制备丁醇使得丁醇的原料成本升高，不利于丁醇未来的发展和产业化；木质纤维素是自然界中廉价且丰富的可再生资源，利用木质纤维原料制备丁醇成为研究热点之一。本文介绍了木质纤维原料的预处理、酶解及脱毒；重点归纳了近年来国内外对以木质纤维素为原料产丁醇菌种的选育研究进展，并概括了ABE发酵工艺中的调控技术进展；最后针对以木质纤维原料制备丁醇过程存在的问题提出可能的解决方向，以期为高效利用木质纤维素制备燃料丁醇提供新思路。