试析《说文》表动词会意字的取象-表词模式

摘要

《说文》中本义表动词的会意字的取象—表词模式可大致分为以下八种：（1）动词的修饰限制概念＋同质动词概念；（2）同质动词概念＋受事；（3）施事＋同质动词概念；（4）动词的修饰限制概念的组合；（5）动词的修饰限制概念＋受事；（6）施事＋动词的修饰限制概念；（7）施事＋受事；（8）其他。依据功能划分，表动词的会意字构形字素的分布表现出以下特征：动词的修饰限制概念的出现频率高于同质动词概念；动词受事的出现频率高于施事的出现频率；字素组合关系由核心层向中间层、外围层呈逐层递减的态势。这反映出汉民族对动词认知的思维特点。%ThepatternofQuxiang-BiaocioftheassociativecompoundcharactersinShuowenwhose literalsensewasverbalcanbedividedintothefollowing8types:(1)theconceptofmodifiedlimit forverbs+theconceptofhomogeneousverbs;(2)theconceptofhomogeneousverbs+O;(3)S+theconceptofhomogeneousverbs;(4)thecombinationoftheconceptofmodifiedlimitfor verbs;(5)theconceptofmodifiedlimitforverbs+O;(6)S+theconceptofmodifiedlimitfor verbs;(7)S+O;(8)others.Byfunctionaldivision,thecharacteristicsofthedistributionofthe configurationalgraphemeoftheverbalassociativecompoundcharactersarelikethis:thefrequency oftheconceptofmodifiedlimitforverbsishigherthantheconceptofhomogeneousverbs;thefre-quencyoftheverbalobjectishigherthansubject;thereisatrendthatthecombinationofthegraph-emedecreasesfromthecorelayertotheintermediatelayer,andthentotheperipherallayer.Thisis thereflectionofthethinkingcharacteristicsofChinesenation'scognitionforverbs.