亚里士多德和墨家的逻辑和语言概念

摘要

亚里士多德逻辑和墨家逻辑是基于非常不同的本体论思想的。这可以从比较亚里士多德的＂类＂（genus）概念和墨家的＂类＂概念得到解释。传统的翻译把中文词＂同＂和＂异＂分别解释为＂相似＂和＂不同＂,以掩饰这两个概念的不同。据此,亚里士多德逻辑的理论意图是完全不同于具有实际意图的、作为论证指导的墨家逻辑。%Aristotelean and Mohist logic are based on very different ontologies. This will be elucidated by a comparison of the Aristotelean concept of genus and the Mohist concept of lei.Traditional translations of the Chinese terms tong and yi as ‘similarity’ and ‘difference’ tend to mask the difference between both concepts. In line with this, the theoretical purpose of Aristotelean logic is widely different from the practical Mohist purpose of a guide to argumentation.