RNA干扰是由双链RNA诱发的使特定序列基因沉默的现象，存在小干扰RNA( siRNA)和微小RNA ( miRNA)两种不同的途径，主要有转录水平基因沉默，转录后水平基因沉默和翻译水平基因沉默三种机制，具有高效性和高特异性的特点。本文就RNAi的途径、技术路线及RNA干扰在牙齿发育、唇腭裂研究、牙周组织和口腔肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述。%RNA interference ( RNAi) is a sequence-specific gene silencing phenomena mediated by double-stranded RNA which in-volves siRNA (Small interfering RNA) and miRNA (Micro RNA), and it could block gene expression at the level of transcription, post-transcription and translation, with high efficiency and specificity. This review summarized the pathway and technical route, and the application of RNAi in maxillofacial development, cheilopalatognathus researches, periodontal tissue development and oral tumor researches in stomatology.
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