初始轨道高度对气动力辅助异面变轨的影响

摘要

Aeroassisted orbit transfer technology can make full use of atmosphere, so that propellant consumption can be reduced due to aerodynamic forces. It may become one of the most important manners that future entry/reentry flight to a planet with atmosphere. We conduct analysis of aeroassisted orbital plane change. The influence of initial orbit height on aeroassisted orbital plane change is studied. Characteristic velocity of aeroassisted orbit change is calculated, and then the propellant consumption is compared with that of impulse maneuver. The result shows that fuel consumption of aeroassisted orbital plane change shows nonlinear change with lift-to-drag ratio. When lift-to-drag ratio is larger than a certain number, fuel consumption of aeroassisted orbital plane change can be reduced if the initial height is in a certain range. The conclusion of the article can provide rationales and reference for development of winged reentry vehicle.%气动力辅助变轨技术可以有效利用大气资源，借助气动力作用减少推进剂消耗，有可能成为未来有大气行星进入/再入飞行的重要手段之一。文章针对改变轨道平面的变轨过程，进行气动力辅助异面变轨分析，探讨了初始轨道高度对气动力辅助异面变轨性能的影响。计算气动力辅助变轨特征速度，并与冲量变轨所需消耗能量进行比较。研究结果表明：气动力辅助异面变轨推进剂消耗量与升阻比呈非线性变化，当升阻比大于某一数值时，气动力辅助异面变轨在一定初始轨道高度区间内能够节省推进剂。文章的研究成果可为有翼再入航天器的研制提供依据，为气动力辅助变轨的工程应用提供技术参考。