渍害胁迫对不同耐湿性芝麻品种生长发育和产量的影响

摘要

[Objective] The present paper aims to study the effects of waterlogging stress on growing development and different waterlogging tolerance of sesame cuhivars.[Method] The pot experiment at early blooming and full blooming stages of sesame with different waterlogging time treatments was carried out,and two sesame varieties with different levels of waterlogging tolerance were used to investigate the effects of the waterlogging time on their growth,dry matter accumulation and yield components.[Result] (i) Waterlogging delayed sesame growth and development and reduced the LAI and chlorophyll content,there were significantly different between two varieties,and the longer the waterlogging was,the greater the effect was.(ii) Waterlogging restrained sesame plant dry matter accumulation,increased transport ratio of dry matter to stem,reduced the transportation to the reproductive organs,generated abortive seeds and resulted in a diminished yield.(iii) The longer the waterlogging was,the greater the effect on yield components in same growth period was.Production reduced mainly due to the number of capsule decreased after waterlogging.The no-waterlogging tolerance variety Zhengzhi13 had a great waterlogging effect than waterlogging tolerance variety Zheng98 N09.[Conclusion] Waterlogging affected the normal growth of sesame,the longer the waterlogging was,the greater the effect was,and the growth of waterlogging resistance varieties was better than that of ordinary varieties when suffered to waterlogging.%[目的]为研究不同生育期渍害胁迫对不同耐湿性芝麻品种生长发育的影响.[方法]在盆栽试验条件下,以郑芝13和郑98 N09为研究对象,研究了初花期和盛花期不同渍水时长对芝麻农艺性状,干物质积累及产量构成的影响.[结果]①渍害延缓芝麻生长发育,使芝麻叶龄,叶面积指数和叶绿素含量降低,品种间差异显著,渍水时间越长,影响越大.②渍害抑制芝麻植株干物质的积累,使干物质向茎杆中转运比例增大,减少了向生殖器官的转运,容易形成秕籽,降低产量.③同一时期渍水时间越长,对芝麻产量构成的影响越大.渍水处理后,产量的降低主要是因为单株蒴数的降低引起的.不耐湿型品种郑芝13的受渍害影响程度均大干耐湿型品种郑98N09.[结论]渍害影响芝麻的正常生长发育,渍害时间越长,影响越大,耐渍性品种较普通品种在遭受渍害时生长更好.