[目的]本研究旨在为土壤微生物资源的开发与利用提供理论基础.[方法]从采自四川汶川的高山森林土壤中分离可培养细菌,采用透明圈法等对其多项降解功能进行鉴定,筛选能够同时降解纤维素、蛋白质、淀粉、油脂和过氧化氢的多功能菌株,对其进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定.[结果]共分离到40株可培养细菌,其中21株为多功能菌株,菌株N14对纤维素的降解能力最强,菌株N12对蛋白质的降解能力最强,菌株N32对淀粉的降解能力最强,菌株N12、N16、N19、N20对油脂的降解能力较强,菌株N19对过氧化氢的分解能力最强.经鉴定,这些多功能菌株分别属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas).[结论]本研究结果表明该地区高山森林土壤具有较高的可培养细菌多样性,并且其中的功能菌数量多且降解能力较高,因此,该结果在高山森林土壤资源菌的应用方面奠定了较好的研究基础.%[Objective] All the results will serve as the foundation of development and utilization of soil microorganisms.[Method] The cultured bacteria isolated from alpine forest soil in Wenchuan of Sichuan province,and their biodegradation functions were identified by transparent circle method.The multifunctional strains capable of simultaneously degrading cellulose,protein,starch,oil and hydrogen peroxide were screened,which could be identified at morphological and molecular biological levels.[Result] Forty cultured bacterial strains were iso lated,and twenty-one of them were multifunctional strains.The strain N14 exhibits strong degradation capacity of cellulose.The strain N12 had the better degradation ability to degrade protein.The strain N32 exhibited strong degradation capacity of starch.The strains N12,N16,N19 and N20 exhibit strong degradation capacity of oil.The strain N19 had the better degradation ability to degrade hydrogen peroxide.The multifunctional strains were identified as Bacillus,Paenibacillus,Pantoea and Pseudomonas.[Conclusion] The results indicate that alpine forest soils in this area have high culturable bacterial diversity,and there are many functional bacteria and their degradability is high.Therefore,this result has laid a good foundation in the application of alpine forest soil resources.
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